{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065031863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","title":"A multi-start local search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows","display_name":"A multi-start local search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065031863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","mag":"2065031863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014631682","display_name":"Olli Br\u00e4ysy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olli Br\u00e4ysy","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Applied Mathematics, Department of Optimisation, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Applied Mathematics, Department of Optimisation, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003369175","display_name":"Geir Hasle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geir Hasle","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Applied Mathematics, Department of Optimisation, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Applied Mathematics, Department of Optimisation, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000847999","display_name":"Wout Dullaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-211X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wout Dullaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ufsia-Ruca Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ufsia-Ruca Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014631682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.5313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99397704,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"159","issue":"3","first_page":"586","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8949387073516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8804943561553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.8735134601593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7480416297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.658223569393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6495629549026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6246634125709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.5271986126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5170105695724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44106799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.43039679527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21450158953666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.20005828142166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11495897173881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08433014154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.06174510717391968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8949387073516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8804943561553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.8735134601593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7480416297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.658223569393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6495629549026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6246634125709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.5271986126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5170105695724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44106799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.43039679527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21450158953666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.20005828142166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11495897173881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08433014154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06174510717391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00435-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:ejores:v:159:y:2004:i:3:p:586-605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377-2217(03)00435-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/15bc0560-f0f4-4c4c-9647-cc56ba564364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/15bc0560-f0f4-4c4c-9647-cc56ba564364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Br\u00e4ysy, O, Hasle, G & Dullaert, W 2004, 'A multi-start local search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 159, no. 3, pp. 586-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00435-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/15bc0560-f0f4-4c4c-9647-cc56ba564364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/15bc0560-f0f4-4c4c-9647-cc56ba564364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Br\u00e4ysy, O, Hasle, G & Dullaert, W 2004, 'A multi-start local search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 159, no. 3, pp. 586-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00435-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325228","display_name":"Liikesivistysrahasto","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbt3445"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9632173","https://openalex.org/W128563282","https://openalex.org/W159794904","https://openalex.org/W1495011881","https://openalex.org/W1505072027","https://openalex.org/W1514355520","https://openalex.org/W1530715683","https://openalex.org/W1546822455","https://openalex.org/W1549203705","https://openalex.org/W1554727768","https://openalex.org/W1577756870","https://openalex.org/W1588856286","https://openalex.org/W1597183383","https://openalex.org/W1973565128","https://openalex.org/W1987456721","https://openalex.org/W1993257498","https://openalex.org/W2004115473","https://openalex.org/W2013031437","https://openalex.org/W2014412090","https://openalex.org/W2018743970","https://openalex.org/W2019336891","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2043332638","https://openalex.org/W2045312576","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2060985719","https://openalex.org/W2066086285","https://openalex.org/W2069480138","https://openalex.org/W2069764609","https://openalex.org/W2070148528","https://openalex.org/W2078637295","https://openalex.org/W2084977713","https://openalex.org/W2090619991","https://openalex.org/W2096305430","https://openalex.org/W2101363262","https://openalex.org/W2103710741","https://openalex.org/W2106371135","https://openalex.org/W2106972943","https://openalex.org/W2116675171","https://openalex.org/W2125613881","https://openalex.org/W2126207702","https://openalex.org/W2129021445","https://openalex.org/W2143731413","https://openalex.org/W2146870367","https://openalex.org/W2150154654","https://openalex.org/W2158000627","https://openalex.org/W2162508334","https://openalex.org/W2165387188","https://openalex.org/W2256885135","https://openalex.org/W2403905232","https://openalex.org/W2485614968","https://openalex.org/W2494638445","https://openalex.org/W2617045890","https://openalex.org/W2622576046","https://openalex.org/W2763293290","https://openalex.org/W2914275007","https://openalex.org/W3154718032","https://openalex.org/W4252886912","https://openalex.org/W4300005723","https://openalex.org/W6629598760","https://openalex.org/W6630343769","https://openalex.org/W6633189231","https://openalex.org/W6634668373","https://openalex.org/W6661366085","https://openalex.org/W6661707506","https://openalex.org/W6676080494","https://openalex.org/W6804185732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119129187","https://openalex.org/W2470251263","https://openalex.org/W2193306078","https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W2007032764","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W4352977312","https://openalex.org/W2067280619"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}