{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255531055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4","title":"A connectionist approach to word reading and acquired dyslexia: extension to sequential processing","display_name":"A connectionist approach to word reading and acquired dyslexia: extension to sequential processing","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255531055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015410454","display_name":"David C. Plaut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086114","display_name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfeg660","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D Plaut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015410454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67637282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"543","last_page":"568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.8241466283798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6750210523605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6407943367958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslexia","display_name":"Dyslexia","score":0.5418754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47500550746917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.467182457447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.43993648886680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.438317209482193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-projection","display_name":"Orthographic projection","score":0.43108803033828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4241354763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4164756238460541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40759706497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1933128535747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18756622076034546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.8241466283798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6750210523605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6407943367958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506058694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132971","display_name":"Dyslexia","level":3,"score":0.5418754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47500550746917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.467182457447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43993648886680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.438317209482193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175694140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980329","display_name":"Orthographic projection","level":2,"score":0.43108803033828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4241354763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4164756238460541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40759706497192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1933128535747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18756622076034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00015-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322015","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332707","display_name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9rc392"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57493321","https://openalex.org/W101531095","https://openalex.org/W124558502","https://openalex.org/W1577947849","https://openalex.org/W1580142630","https://openalex.org/W1612272928","https://openalex.org/W1965060064","https://openalex.org/W1966131060","https://openalex.org/W1980632814","https://openalex.org/W1981253330","https://openalex.org/W1983576127","https://openalex.org/W1984195542","https://openalex.org/W1985989769","https://openalex.org/W2004503299","https://openalex.org/W2007780422","https://openalex.org/W2007800656","https://openalex.org/W2013942038","https://openalex.org/W2022171196","https://openalex.org/W2025192393","https://openalex.org/W2027141514","https://openalex.org/W2030831236","https://openalex.org/W2038590423","https://openalex.org/W2040187703","https://openalex.org/W2053493545","https://openalex.org/W2057952157","https://openalex.org/W2057979902","https://openalex.org/W2074994981","https://openalex.org/W2075302365","https://openalex.org/W2087962363","https://openalex.org/W2090631645","https://openalex.org/W2098683904","https://openalex.org/W2109773570","https://openalex.org/W2110773446","https://openalex.org/W2121651199","https://openalex.org/W2126929879","https://openalex.org/W2134208847","https://openalex.org/W2144307132","https://openalex.org/W2151345657","https://openalex.org/W2156371041","https://openalex.org/W2159682992","https://openalex.org/W2161070585","https://openalex.org/W2169231813","https://openalex.org/W2170004682","https://openalex.org/W2571532437","https://openalex.org/W2905286469","https://openalex.org/W3022436500","https://openalex.org/W3159266645","https://openalex.org/W4231833485","https://openalex.org/W4232139094","https://openalex.org/W4236226688","https://openalex.org/W4239904609","https://openalex.org/W4245083738","https://openalex.org/W4246522695","https://openalex.org/W4248573127","https://openalex.org/W4248642184","https://openalex.org/W4249840811","https://openalex.org/W4249916551","https://openalex.org/W4250446698","https://openalex.org/W4250918020","https://openalex.org/W4253671749","https://openalex.org/W4253772191","https://openalex.org/W4253832986","https://openalex.org/W4254623190","https://openalex.org/W4254816979","https://openalex.org/W6601795812","https://openalex.org/W6621430593","https://openalex.org/W6636389402","https://openalex.org/W6644144440","https://openalex.org/W6644526993","https://openalex.org/W6652976584","https://openalex.org/W6660559553","https://openalex.org/W6664943871","https://openalex.org/W6665167279","https://openalex.org/W6676391964","https://openalex.org/W6685097913","https://openalex.org/W6777410595","https://openalex.org/W6843989031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W3000645387","https://openalex.org/W4200177806","https://openalex.org/W2171649739","https://openalex.org/W4307583710","https://openalex.org/W2065700119","https://openalex.org/W2009722344","https://openalex.org/W2156659054","https://openalex.org/W2014809417","https://openalex.org/W2073732462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"connectionist":[1,176],"approach":[2,65],"to":[3,24,50,60,69,98,136,181],"word":[4,149],"reading,":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7,39,44,75],"the":[8,25,64,70,76,105,139,159,170],"principles":[9],"of":[10,15,27,37,46,72,79,123,152,168],"distributed":[11],"representation,":[12],"graded":[13],"learning":[14],"statistical":[16],"structure,":[17],"and":[18,43,63,82,101,116,119,126],"interactivity":[19],"in":[20,66,96,130,155,188],"processing,":[21],"has":[22],"led":[23],"development":[26],"explicit":[28],"computational":[29],"models":[30,177],"which":[31,91,102],"account":[32,167],"for":[33],"a":[34,89,127,164],"wide":[35],"range":[36],"data":[38],"normal":[40,81,111],"skilled":[41],"reading":[42,47,154],"patterns":[45],"impairment":[48],"due":[49],"brain":[51],"damage.":[52],"There":[53],"have,":[54],"however,":[55],"been":[56],"recent":[57],"empirical":[58],"challenges":[59],"these":[61],"models,":[62],"general,":[67],"relating":[68],"influence":[71],"orthographic":[73,124],"length":[74,125,144],"naming":[77,132],"latencies":[78],"both":[80,114],"dyslexic":[83],"readers.":[84],"The":[85,110],"current":[86],"work":[87],"presents":[88],"simulation":[90],"generates":[92],"sequential":[93,186],"phonological":[94],"output":[95],"response":[97],"written":[99],"input,":[100],"can":[103],"refixate":[104],"input":[106],"when":[107],"encountering":[108],"difficulty.":[109],"model":[112,140,160],"reads":[113],"words":[115],"nonwords":[117],"accurately,":[118],"exhibits":[120,141],"an":[121,142],"effect":[122,145],"frequency-by-consistency":[128],"interaction":[129],"its":[131],"latencies.":[133],"When":[134],"subject":[135],"peripheral":[137],"damage,":[138],"increased":[143],"that":[146],"interacts":[147],"with":[148],"frequency,":[150],"characteristic":[151],"letter-by-letter":[153],"pure":[156],"alexia.":[157],"Although":[158],"is":[161],"far":[162],"from":[163],"fully":[165],"adequate":[166],"all":[169],"relevant":[171],"phenomena,":[172],"it":[173],"suggests":[174],"how":[175],"may":[178],"be":[179],"extended":[180],"provide":[182],"deeper":[183],"insight":[184],"into":[185],"processes":[187],"reading.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
