{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254813708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1","title":"Explanation and evidence in informal argument","display_name":"Explanation and evidence in informal argument","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4254813708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017307896","display_name":"Sarah K. Brem","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S Brem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017307896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.1728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99084739,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"573","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.8013708591461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.6120880246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5885905623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4751023054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4079980254173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-economics","display_name":"Positive economics","score":0.3992977738380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.38306599855422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1364445686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08793327212333679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.8013708591461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.6120880246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5885905623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4751023054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4079980254173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3992977738380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38306599855422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1364445686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08793327212333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(00)00033-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966186150","https://openalex.org/W1972320590","https://openalex.org/W1991318987","https://openalex.org/W1994925058","https://openalex.org/W1996650435","https://openalex.org/W2010119376","https://openalex.org/W2027965284","https://openalex.org/W2039933150","https://openalex.org/W2042349004","https://openalex.org/W2091178149","https://openalex.org/W2106268407","https://openalex.org/W2117217849","https://openalex.org/W2124868162","https://openalex.org/W2139121205","https://openalex.org/W2157730055","https://openalex.org/W2410739207","https://openalex.org/W2752714680","https://openalex.org/W4231646038","https://openalex.org/W4232387292","https://openalex.org/W4233222910","https://openalex.org/W4234632900","https://openalex.org/W4236891881","https://openalex.org/W4237821723","https://openalex.org/W4238816758","https://openalex.org/W4240379315","https://openalex.org/W4240780031","https://openalex.org/W4242017092","https://openalex.org/W4242810210","https://openalex.org/W4243420394","https://openalex.org/W4243953643","https://openalex.org/W4245454459","https://openalex.org/W4246971208","https://openalex.org/W4247569244","https://openalex.org/W4248915504","https://openalex.org/W4249606101","https://openalex.org/W4249858641","https://openalex.org/W4250893295","https://openalex.org/W4253418061","https://openalex.org/W4256498836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3008380943","https://openalex.org/W2115206405","https://openalex.org/W4387718383","https://openalex.org/W1528986568","https://openalex.org/W2500746363","https://openalex.org/W2295951338","https://openalex.org/W2804199312","https://openalex.org/W2347954438","https://openalex.org/W2144657586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"substantial":[1],"body":[2],"of":[3,97,116,122,136,152,166],"evidence":[4,37,64,107,153,172],"shows":[5,102],"that":[6,38,47,82,103,145],"people":[7,49],"tend":[8],"to":[9,17,31,169],"rely":[10,57],"too":[11],"heavily":[12,59],"on":[13,60],"explanations":[14,34,53,62,85,137,168],"when":[15,63,108,158],"trying":[16],"justify":[18],"an":[19,29,44],"opinion.":[20],"Some":[21],"research":[22],"suggests":[23],"these":[24],"errors":[25],"may":[26],"arise":[27],"from":[28],"inability":[30],"distinguish":[32,51],"between":[33,52,76],"and":[35,54,73,78,80,131,138,154],"the":[36,71,95,150,164],"bears":[39],"upon":[40],"them.":[41],"We":[42,69],"examine":[43,70],"alternative":[45],"account,":[46],"many":[48],"do":[50],"evidence,":[55,79],"but":[56,100],"more":[58,106],"unsubstantiated":[61],"is":[65],"scarce":[66],"or":[67],"absent.":[68],"philosophical":[72],"psychological":[74],"distinctions":[75],"explanation":[77],"show":[81,144],"participants":[83,104,146],"use":[84],"as":[86,173],"a":[87,120,174],"substitute":[88],"for":[89],"missing":[90,171],"evidence.":[91,139],"Experiment":[92,141],"1":[93],"replicates":[94],"results":[96],"other":[98,155],"researchers,":[99],"further":[101],"generate":[105],"they":[109],"are":[110],"not":[111],"constrained":[112],"by":[113],"their":[114,127,132],"lack":[115],"data.":[117],"Merely":[118],"mentioning":[119],"source":[121],"data":[123],"can":[124,147],"alter":[125],"both":[126],"evaluation":[128],"(Experiment":[129,134],"2)":[130],"production":[133],"3)":[135],"In":[140],"4,":[142],"we":[143,162],"explicitly":[148],"consider":[149,163],"availability":[151],"pragmatic":[156],"factors":[157],"evaluating":[159],"arguments.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"implications":[165],"using":[167],"replace":[170],"strategy":[175],"in":[176],"argument.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
