{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009158762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","title":"How Classifications Work: Problems and Challenges in an Electronic Age; G.C. Bowker, S.L. Star (Eds), Library Trends, 47(2): 185\u2013340 (Fall 1998), 155 pp. ISSN: 0024-2594, $18.50","display_name":"How Classifications Work: Problems and Challenges in an Electronic Age; G.C. Bowker, S.L. Star (Eds), Library Trends, 47(2): 185\u2013340 (Fall 1998), 155 pp. ISSN: 0024-2594, $18.50","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009158762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","mag":"2009158762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019219188","display_name":"Jian Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-4952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Studies Syracuse University Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Studies Syracuse University Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019219188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1582339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"331","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14330","display_name":"Library Science and Information Systems","score":0.6812999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14330","display_name":"Library Science and Information Systems","score":0.6812999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.6322000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star","display_name":"Star (game theory)","score":0.5953161120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.580915629863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.5733210444450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35484951734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.333942174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2043519914150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20049774646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.130483478307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.05104026198387146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5953161120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.580915629863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5733210444450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35484951734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.333942174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2043519914150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20049774646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.130483478307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.05104026198387146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(99)00032-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
