{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990811608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","title":"Hempel's Raven paradox: a positive approach to cluster analysis","display_name":"Hempel's Raven paradox: a positive approach to cluster analysis","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990811608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","mag":"1990811608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038885924","display_name":"Roy Gelbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-5706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy Gelbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Program, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Program, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030827884","display_name":"Israel Spiegler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Israel Spiegler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, The Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, The Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030827884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75838989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"305","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9527000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7268518209457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.62913978099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5735678672790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5347833633422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5315413475036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-matrix","display_name":"Logical matrix","score":0.5272316336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.4987926483154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-data","display_name":"Binary data","score":0.48470044136047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.4836379289627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.48156288266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-conjunction","display_name":"Logical conjunction","score":0.45163968205451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44909438490867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4403444528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4401933550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.43745923042297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43717271089553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.42829060554504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ravens-progressive-matrices","display_name":"Raven's Progressive Matrices","score":0.41497525572776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row","display_name":"Row","score":0.413574755191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4134579598903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4054931104183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3549215793609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.33993613719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1738748550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12159070372581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11767616868019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08643779158592224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7268518209457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.62913978099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5735678672790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5347833633422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5315413475036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163561899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994977","display_name":"Logical matrix","level":3,"score":0.5272316336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4987926483154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.48470044136047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.4836379289627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48156288266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.45163968205451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44909438490867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4403444528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4401933550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.43745923042297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43717271089553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42829060554504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173354102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510887","display_name":"Raven's Progressive Matrices","level":3,"score":0.41497525572776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135598885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366302","display_name":"Row","level":2,"score":0.413574755191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4134579598903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4054931104183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3549215793609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.33993613719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1738748550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12159070372581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11767616868019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08643779158592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(99)00049-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596646868","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1984873412","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2035867437","https://openalex.org/W2052879098","https://openalex.org/W2093411417","https://openalex.org/W2114772807","https://openalex.org/W2127201702","https://openalex.org/W2314431779","https://openalex.org/W2612166593","https://openalex.org/W2750964270","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W4237160692","https://openalex.org/W4256254574","https://openalex.org/W6770641979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793842478","https://openalex.org/W2954021425","https://openalex.org/W2899731217","https://openalex.org/W1995796255","https://openalex.org/W2101954823","https://openalex.org/W1550186574","https://openalex.org/W2083859987","https://openalex.org/W2018001349","https://openalex.org/W2012109642","https://openalex.org/W1998421974"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T07:57:09.225873","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
