{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111174053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","title":"A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem","display_name":"A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111174053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","mag":"2111174053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017877687","display_name":"Christian Prins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-0357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140494188","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Troyes","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhqcj41","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Prins","raw_affiliation_strings":["LOSI, University of Technology of Troyes, BP 2060, 10010 Troyes Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LOSI, University of Technology of Troyes, BP 2060, 10010 Troyes Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017877687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.5024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1010,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99702297,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"12","first_page":"1985","last_page":"2002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.8728039264678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-routing","display_name":"Arc routing","score":0.6853916049003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.6446905136108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.628924548625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6171679496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6065995097160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5876448154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5437149405479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.494870126247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tabu-search","display_name":"Tabu search","score":0.4865116477012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.46238937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.4171747863292694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40980932116508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30040135979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12322351336479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08532655239105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.8728039264678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778536092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785038","display_name":"Arc routing","level":3,"score":0.6853916049003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.6446905136108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.628924548625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6171679496765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6065995097160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5876448154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5437149405479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.494870126247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424540","display_name":"Tabu search","level":2,"score":0.4865116477012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.46238937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.4171747863292694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40980932116508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30040135979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12322351336479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08532655239105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00158-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.7230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.7230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://143.129.203.3/eume/MIC2001/MIC2001_143_148.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.474.6327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.474.6327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hazmatrouting.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/literature/VRP/prin2004a.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02478977v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://utt.hal.science/hal-02478977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Operations Research, 2004, 31 (12), pp.1985-2002. &#x27E8;10.1016/S0305-0548(03)00158-8&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02895347v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://utt.hal.science/hal-02895347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIC'2001 (4th Metaheuristics International Conference), Jul 2001, Porto, Portugal","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24801860","https://openalex.org/W99032621","https://openalex.org/W206996077","https://openalex.org/W1487758851","https://openalex.org/W1513472112","https://openalex.org/W1517570823","https://openalex.org/W1518644902","https://openalex.org/W1530715683","https://openalex.org/W1537794297","https://openalex.org/W1601649239","https://openalex.org/W1947393338","https://openalex.org/W1978511881","https://openalex.org/W2017209461","https://openalex.org/W2044870925","https://openalex.org/W2054045702","https://openalex.org/W2069024107","https://openalex.org/W2090939957","https://openalex.org/W2108753073","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2114939271","https://openalex.org/W2161883351","https://openalex.org/W2242266352","https://openalex.org/W2335826682","https://openalex.org/W2604946776","https://openalex.org/W2607033766","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2970704422","https://openalex.org/W2976664243","https://openalex.org/W2999341115","https://openalex.org/W4300129394","https://openalex.org/W4300621099","https://openalex.org/W6630655966","https://openalex.org/W6630951241","https://openalex.org/W6640918218","https://openalex.org/W6690230866","https://openalex.org/W6702854685","https://openalex.org/W6770081585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052469048","https://openalex.org/W4321504838","https://openalex.org/W2081475278","https://openalex.org/W2794855054","https://openalex.org/W3159581029","https://openalex.org/W2005169299","https://openalex.org/W2324905915","https://openalex.org/W2919842722","https://openalex.org/W2064998473","https://openalex.org/W2144570772"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
