{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994033778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","title":"Proof systems for structured specifications with observability operators","display_name":"Proof systems for structured specifications with observability operators","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994033778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","mag":"1994033778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055128003","display_name":"Rolf Hennicker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Hennicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042265989","display_name":"Martin Wirsing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Wirsing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062496192","display_name":"Michel Bidoit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Bidoit","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIENS, CNRS & Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45, Rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIENS, CNRS & Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45, Rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055128003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97098032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"173","issue":"2","first_page":"393","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.7621577978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5917162895202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5723012685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5609040856361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5365189909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5355876088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.5127735733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4801734983921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.4613829255104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quotient","display_name":"Quotient","score":0.45932313799858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4389477074146271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-equivalence","display_name":"Observational equivalence","score":0.4289562702178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.42603451013565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sublanguage","display_name":"Sublanguage","score":0.4102213382720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3635394275188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3606311082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.25789594650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.18630504608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.11809834837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.08903449773788452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.7621577978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5917162895202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5723012685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5609040856361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5365189909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5355876088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5127735733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4801734983921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.4613829255104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199422724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41118","display_name":"Quotient","level":2,"score":0.45932313799858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4389477074146271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777721189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121921","display_name":"Observational equivalence","level":2,"score":0.4289562702178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.42603451013565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776411971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141398","display_name":"Sublanguage","level":2,"score":0.4102213382720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3635394275188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3606311082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.25789594650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.18630504608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11809834837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.08903449773788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00162-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15580640","https://openalex.org/W65634330","https://openalex.org/W70110996","https://openalex.org/W87506586","https://openalex.org/W102930910","https://openalex.org/W254535413","https://openalex.org/W1489435372","https://openalex.org/W1496607686","https://openalex.org/W1498356214","https://openalex.org/W1508027959","https://openalex.org/W1518888602","https://openalex.org/W1541153481","https://openalex.org/W1547567140","https://openalex.org/W1549434492","https://openalex.org/W1552405170","https://openalex.org/W1563875108","https://openalex.org/W1580153851","https://openalex.org/W1593876394","https://openalex.org/W1603788080","https://openalex.org/W1608194541","https://openalex.org/W1608629065","https://openalex.org/W1669050930","https://openalex.org/W1694382542","https://openalex.org/W1925601792","https://openalex.org/W1948496004","https://openalex.org/W1969510795","https://openalex.org/W1976967017","https://openalex.org/W1980425977","https://openalex.org/W1980768744","https://openalex.org/W1983608286","https://openalex.org/W1990085921","https://openalex.org/W2000825654","https://openalex.org/W2020817341","https://openalex.org/W2027949780","https://openalex.org/W2029841602","https://openalex.org/W2030096232","https://openalex.org/W2039112578","https://openalex.org/W2066925317","https://openalex.org/W2069740012","https://openalex.org/W2073899607","https://openalex.org/W2077592849","https://openalex.org/W2121698728","https://openalex.org/W2132371811","https://openalex.org/W2132750992","https://openalex.org/W2162643525","https://openalex.org/W2341036011","https://openalex.org/W2587784953","https://openalex.org/W2775513643","https://openalex.org/W2799061192","https://openalex.org/W2912818154","https://openalex.org/W2913989085","https://openalex.org/W3023216518","https://openalex.org/W3105775598","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4296305440","https://openalex.org/W4300128858","https://openalex.org/W6600645002","https://openalex.org/W6602680347","https://openalex.org/W6602763628","https://openalex.org/W6603542134","https://openalex.org/W6629088181","https://openalex.org/W6629991596","https://openalex.org/W6630212498","https://openalex.org/W6630542534","https://openalex.org/W6631132601","https://openalex.org/W6632537449","https://openalex.org/W6632680462","https://openalex.org/W6632915498","https://openalex.org/W6633769967","https://openalex.org/W6634702828","https://openalex.org/W6635252022","https://openalex.org/W6636052850","https://openalex.org/W6636340803","https://openalex.org/W6636493204","https://openalex.org/W6637172451","https://openalex.org/W6640433598","https://openalex.org/W6660205198","https://openalex.org/W6669955139","https://openalex.org/W6678350198","https://openalex.org/W6746994534","https://openalex.org/W6758636328","https://openalex.org/W6759055872","https://openalex.org/W6808452672","https://openalex.org/W6941722579","https://openalex.org/W7042597646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097726134","https://openalex.org/W4240933734","https://openalex.org/W2034815558","https://openalex.org/W2157429361","https://openalex.org/W2950099535","https://openalex.org/W4298084109","https://openalex.org/W2290012475","https://openalex.org/W2152440281","https://openalex.org/W1984266527","https://openalex.org/W3113370272"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}