{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125332072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","title":"Price competition between pure play versus bricks-and-clicks e-tailers: Analytical model and empirical analysis","display_name":"Price competition between pure play versus bricks-and-clicks e-tailers: Analytical model and empirical analysis","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125332072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","mag":"3125332072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229459","display_name":"Advances in applied microeconomics","issn_l":"0278-0984","issn":["0278-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Applied Microeconomics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051322674","display_name":"Xing Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110763929","display_name":"Venkatesh Shankar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Shankar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011057478","display_name":"Brian T. Ratchford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-3679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian T. Ratchford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.4231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99626866,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.6746768951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.51621013879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.46460217237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bertrand-competition","display_name":"Bertrand competition","score":0.4359263777732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4212421178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.389308899641037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.3818132281303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.37026500701904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3332531452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2376886010169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1407967507839203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligopoly","display_name":"Oligopoly","score":0.13282611966133118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6746768951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.51621013879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46460217237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142470991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828555","display_name":"Bertrand competition","level":4,"score":0.4359263777732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4212421178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.389308899641037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3818132281303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37026500701904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3332531452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2376886010169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1407967507839203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121398111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103639","display_name":"Oligopoly","level":3,"score":0.13282611966133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16520705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799","display_name":"Cournot competition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-0984(02)11027-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229459","display_name":"Advances in applied microeconomics","issn_l":"0278-0984","issn":["0278-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Applied Microeconomics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480368940","https://openalex.org/W1492407885","https://openalex.org/W1971621787","https://openalex.org/W1984536024","https://openalex.org/W1990916820","https://openalex.org/W1992928828","https://openalex.org/W1997680144","https://openalex.org/W2007162470","https://openalex.org/W2016575764","https://openalex.org/W2020193641","https://openalex.org/W2020828249","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2038415997","https://openalex.org/W2051090140","https://openalex.org/W2055914327","https://openalex.org/W2057940806","https://openalex.org/W2061548523","https://openalex.org/W2065942246","https://openalex.org/W2074212709","https://openalex.org/W2074694716","https://openalex.org/W2107050083","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2112357366","https://openalex.org/W2126022285","https://openalex.org/W2132159329","https://openalex.org/W2146899871","https://openalex.org/W2154555821","https://openalex.org/W2158069701","https://openalex.org/W2160571122","https://openalex.org/W2163000185","https://openalex.org/W2166145143","https://openalex.org/W2211541196","https://openalex.org/W2587175105","https://openalex.org/W2972691851","https://openalex.org/W3121296360","https://openalex.org/W3122662195","https://openalex.org/W3123999138","https://openalex.org/W3124299361","https://openalex.org/W3125502446","https://openalex.org/W3126088904","https://openalex.org/W3139574540","https://openalex.org/W4240491954","https://openalex.org/W4244980072","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297902082","https://openalex.org/W4401545442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606293131","https://openalex.org/W3125021017","https://openalex.org/W2362070364","https://openalex.org/W1843892634","https://openalex.org/W3141179393","https://openalex.org/W2365824682","https://openalex.org/W2114654659","https://openalex.org/W2355863746","https://openalex.org/W3003982526","https://openalex.org/W2351975737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,50],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"first":[4],"develop":[5,38],"a":[6,14,19,32,39],"game":[7],"theoretic":[8],"model":[9,42,51],"of":[10,43,72,97],"price":[11,45],"competition":[12],"between":[13],"pure":[15,28,77],"play":[16,29,78],"e-tailer":[17,30,44,120,131],"and":[18,46,48,101,111,122,133],"bricks-and-clicks":[20],"e-tailer.":[21],"We":[22,36],"show":[23,65],"that":[24,66],"in":[25],"general,":[26],"the":[27,70],"has":[31],"lower":[33],"equilibrium":[34],"price.":[35],"then":[37],"simultaneous":[40],"equation":[41],"traffic":[47,86,110,121,132],"estimate":[49],"using":[52],"data":[53],"collected":[54],"from":[55],"905":[56],"e-tailers":[57,79],"across":[58],"eight":[59],"product":[60],"categories.":[61],"The":[62],"empirical":[63],"results":[64],"after":[67],"controlling":[68],"for":[69],"effects":[71],"other":[73],"variables,":[74],"prices":[75],"at":[76],"are":[80],"generally":[81,104],"lower.":[82],"E-tailers":[83,93],"with":[84,94,128],"high":[85,95,108,115,130,134],"do":[87,105,112],"not":[88,106,113],"always":[89],"command":[90],"higher":[91],"prices.":[92,116,135],"level":[96],"reliability,":[98],"shopping":[99],"convenience,":[100],"deep":[102],"information,":[103],"generate":[107],"web":[109],"enjoy":[114],"However,":[117],"trust":[118],"enhances":[119],"early":[123],"online":[124],"entry":[125],"is":[126],"associated":[127],"both":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}