{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077384416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","title":"Electronic commerce \u2014 European union developments","display_name":"Electronic commerce \u2014 European union developments","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077384416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","mag":"2077384416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042857307","display_name":"Heather Rowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-6167"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heather Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042857307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30510123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"113","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14030","display_name":"Taxation and Legal Issues","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliament","display_name":"Parliament","score":0.7644119262695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive","display_name":"Directive","score":0.6645447611808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commission","display_name":"Commission","score":0.6462622880935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-certainty","display_name":"Legal certainty","score":0.6432767510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.6215812563896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-commission","display_name":"European commission","score":0.5684040784835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5640780925750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-market","display_name":"Domestic market","score":0.5019335746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-market","display_name":"Single market","score":0.4564608931541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4384097158908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"E-commerce","score":0.43751320242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.37825387716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.23488572239875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.22965484857559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.21478873491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.20173978805541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.16234254837036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12981802225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11178922653198242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.7644119262695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.6645447611808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.6462622880935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49094488","display_name":"Legal certainty","level":2,"score":0.6432767510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.6215812563896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020782553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8880","display_name":"European commission","level":3,"score":0.5684040784835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5640780925750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30455989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047494","display_name":"Domestic market","level":2,"score":0.5019335746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45051096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327750","display_name":"Single market","level":3,"score":0.4564608931541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4384097158908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.43751320242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.37825387716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.23488572239875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.22965484857559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21478873491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.20173978805541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16234254837036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12981802225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11178922653198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082164264","https://openalex.org/W4226342370","https://openalex.org/W2227272247","https://openalex.org/W2948656173","https://openalex.org/W2288874854","https://openalex.org/W4293753233","https://openalex.org/W192599784","https://openalex.org/W3095219355","https://openalex.org/W4389320653","https://openalex.org/W2606496870"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}