{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055577232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","title":"Patent information survey","display_name":"Patent information survey","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055577232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","mag":"2055577232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stuart MacDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stuart MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024592442","display_name":"Bernard Lefang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Lefang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15656299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"344","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.4205999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.4205999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.7470874190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4988729953765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4714934229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.373052179813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.17364588379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11960893869400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08301612734794617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7470874190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4988729953765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4714934229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.373052179813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.17364588379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11960893869400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08301612734794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80176-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W641782856","https://openalex.org/W24443521","https://openalex.org/W2471323292","https://openalex.org/W2296759459","https://openalex.org/W4205202004","https://openalex.org/W2188047296","https://openalex.org/W2352527711","https://openalex.org/W9484388","https://openalex.org/W2377100367","https://openalex.org/W2915607083"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T20:08:15.867695","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}