{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978966499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","title":"Spam \u2014 the meat of the problem","display_name":"Spam \u2014 the meat of the problem","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978966499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","mag":"1978966499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law &amp; Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mike Butler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mike Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4060},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85497765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"388","last_page":"391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive","display_name":"Directive","score":0.9010988473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.726803719997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive-on-privacy-and-electronic-communications","display_name":"Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications","score":0.6973798871040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation","display_name":"Legislation","score":0.6910341382026672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6556107997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5934316515922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-law","display_name":"Privacy law","score":0.5681165456771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45015308260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.43430501222610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.4233500063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.39320844411849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.3866874575614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-directive","display_name":"Data Protection Directive","score":0.36765551567077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.25437653064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2144998013973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16696754097938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-law","display_name":"European Union law","score":0.15888473391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.09554153680801392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.9010988473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.726803719997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135522663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744072","display_name":"Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications","level":5,"score":0.6973798871040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6910341382026672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6556107997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5934316515922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141972696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247836","display_name":"Privacy law","level":4,"score":0.5681165456771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45015308260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.43430501222610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.4233500063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.39320844411849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.3866874575614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52487910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911488","display_name":"Data Protection Directive","level":4,"score":0.36765551567077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25437653064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2144998013973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16696754097938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115314567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208202","display_name":"European Union law","level":3,"score":0.15888473391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.09554153680801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(03)00506-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160346394","display_name":"Computer Law & Security Report","issn_l":"0267-3649","issn":["0267-3649","1873-6734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Law &amp; Security Report","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978570716","https://openalex.org/W2516883919","https://openalex.org/W2135857011","https://openalex.org/W3161041853","https://openalex.org/W3125464356","https://openalex.org/W4239223965","https://openalex.org/W1964917428","https://openalex.org/W2084291864","https://openalex.org/W2567074540","https://openalex.org/W2611770896"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
