{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079854881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","title":"Traffic sign recognition and analysis for intelligent vehicles","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition and analysis for intelligent vehicles","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079854881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","mag":"2079854881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262885602001567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177430994","display_name":"Image and Vision Computing","issn_l":"0262-8856","issn":["0262-8856","1872-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Image and Vision Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262885602001567","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042213241","display_name":"Arturo de la Escalera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. de la Escalera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026614974","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Armingol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.Ma Armingol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021932174","display_name":"Mario Ort\u00ed Mata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/Butarque 15, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042213241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.9395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":456,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99852271,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"247","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6753515601158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.67056804895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6581531763076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6381163001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6306698322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.61658775806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6005285978317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5974356532096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5638977289199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.543505072593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4613708257675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4599660038948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41520237922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.410930335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.345893919467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3234533667564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17741498351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.11697688698768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10358265042304993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6753515601158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.67056804895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6581531763076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6381163001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6306698322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.61658775806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6005285978317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5974356532096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5638977289199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.543505072593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4613708257675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4599660038948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41520237922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.410930335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.345893919467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3234533667564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17741498351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.11697688698768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10358265042304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262885602001567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177430994","display_name":"Image and Vision Computing","issn_l":"0262-8856","issn":["0262-8856","1872-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Image and Vision Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/7089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/7089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/72e3315c-dbcd-4fec-9529-064756ac9c78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/72e3315c-dbcd-4fec-9529-064756ac9c78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055385","display_name":"ResearchOnline","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"de la Escalera, A, Armingol, J M & Mata, M 2003, 'Traffic sign recognition and analysis for intelligent vehicles', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00156-7","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.101.7754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.101.7754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.inf.unideb.hu/~totht/rendszerek/cikkek/trafficsign.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(02)00156-7","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262885602001567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177430994","display_name":"Image and Vision Computing","issn_l":"0262-8856","issn":["0262-8856","1872-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Image and Vision Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079854881.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079854881.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64305283","https://openalex.org/W622268149","https://openalex.org/W1501691825","https://openalex.org/W1544701844","https://openalex.org/W1550667456","https://openalex.org/W1558476560","https://openalex.org/W1567393553","https://openalex.org/W1567658875","https://openalex.org/W1575301181","https://openalex.org/W1593149236","https://openalex.org/W1672876745","https://openalex.org/W1780688278","https://openalex.org/W1828247795","https://openalex.org/W1888172232","https://openalex.org/W1927217752","https://openalex.org/W1987857333","https://openalex.org/W2008791833","https://openalex.org/W2015920435","https://openalex.org/W2024511189","https://openalex.org/W2040013490","https://openalex.org/W2047648341","https://openalex.org/W2068394111","https://openalex.org/W2099195625","https://openalex.org/W2106354818","https://openalex.org/W2108454049","https://openalex.org/W2111502429","https://openalex.org/W2120742887","https://openalex.org/W2125022514","https://openalex.org/W2136929315","https://openalex.org/W2138289443","https://openalex.org/W2141645523","https://openalex.org/W2144219012","https://openalex.org/W2151275436","https://openalex.org/W2152150600","https://openalex.org/W2152389027","https://openalex.org/W2154597830","https://openalex.org/W2155732138","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2160973399","https://openalex.org/W2166903389","https://openalex.org/W2171035828","https://openalex.org/W2171669905","https://openalex.org/W2716194914","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3175893967","https://openalex.org/W4242464005","https://openalex.org/W6619657743","https://openalex.org/W6634115079","https://openalex.org/W6634395919","https://openalex.org/W6635365279","https://openalex.org/W6638838479","https://openalex.org/W6640547001","https://openalex.org/W6652398615","https://openalex.org/W6676363548","https://openalex.org/W6677844750","https://openalex.org/W6684961228","https://openalex.org/W6739469467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W2790032261","https://openalex.org/W2899819381"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
