{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039243520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","title":"Standardization of non-aggregated data: theory and practice","display_name":"Standardization of non-aggregated data: theory and practice","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039243520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","mag":"2039243520","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11339983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138959710","display_name":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine","issn_l":"0169-2607","issn":["0169-2607","1872-7565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007522604","display_name":"Rolf Weitkunat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-9727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Weitkunat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. weit@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de","Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. weit@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073959986","display_name":"Alexander Crispin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-9346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Crispin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019075022","display_name":"Eva Grill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Grill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111986381","display_name":"Richela Fischer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richela Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110235194","display_name":"Nicole Meyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081330569","display_name":"K Schotten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Schotten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007522604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"],"apc_list":{"value":2880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63314406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"3","first_page":"207","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13820","display_name":"SAS software applications and methods","score":0.8055999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13820","display_name":"SAS software applications and methods","score":0.8055999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.8335154056549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253902912139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.575239896774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.517829954624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5082454085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4942960739135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4135197103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.36076414585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2494845986366272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.8335154056549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253902912139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.575239896774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.517829954624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5082454085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4942960739135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4135197103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.36076414585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2494845986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00132-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138959710","display_name":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine","issn_l":"0169-2607","issn":["0169-2607","1872-7565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11339983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11339983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer methods and programs in biomedicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299765467","https://openalex.org/W619175914","https://openalex.org/W629613351","https://openalex.org/W2321510787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2002476357","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}