{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963829561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","title":"Mereotopology: A theory of parts and boundaries","display_name":"Mereotopology: A theory of parts and boundaries","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963829561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","mag":"1963829561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIMAT-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051216244","display_name":"Barry Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barry Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy and Member of the Center for Cognitive Science, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-1010, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Member of the Center for Cognitive Science, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-1010, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051216244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98661744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"287","last_page":"303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mereology","display_name":"Mereology","score":0.9301405549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-connectedness","display_name":"Social connectedness","score":0.7636654376983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6312355995178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-ontology","display_name":"Formal ontology","score":0.6144226789474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5282154083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5072042942047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49907803535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4351414442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.42810219526290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.426200807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4216920733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3378637433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.283594012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.23998939990997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.2156219184398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13778355717658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.12030470371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11820214986801147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152385842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194916","display_name":"Mereology","level":2,"score":0.9301405549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.7636654376983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6312355995178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437388","display_name":"Formal ontology","level":4,"score":0.6144226789474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5282154083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5072042942047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49907803535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4351414442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.42810219526290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.426200807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4216920733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3378637433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.283594012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.23998939990997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.2156219184398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13778355717658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.12030470371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11820214986801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(96)00015-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIMAT-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.406.4163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.4163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith//articles/Mereotopology.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/SMIMAT-5","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIMAT-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1963829561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1963829561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852874","https://openalex.org/W15000671","https://openalex.org/W36240454","https://openalex.org/W52783022","https://openalex.org/W80986680","https://openalex.org/W124759080","https://openalex.org/W168161496","https://openalex.org/W372939161","https://openalex.org/W569578482","https://openalex.org/W577945507","https://openalex.org/W585760934","https://openalex.org/W605234772","https://openalex.org/W617045499","https://openalex.org/W619354556","https://openalex.org/W647566806","https://openalex.org/W1171149124","https://openalex.org/W1499380498","https://openalex.org/W1501579169","https://openalex.org/W1509722527","https://openalex.org/W1521263121","https://openalex.org/W1561545719","https://openalex.org/W1563300303","https://openalex.org/W1572406658","https://openalex.org/W1574856546","https://openalex.org/W1590345154","https://openalex.org/W1657950592","https://openalex.org/W1801951652","https://openalex.org/W1818950033","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1933657216","https://openalex.org/W1974871840","https://openalex.org/W1980825685","https://openalex.org/W1991183254","https://openalex.org/W2006635206","https://openalex.org/W2009223569","https://openalex.org/W2014757168","https://openalex.org/W2020759939","https://openalex.org/W2022851298","https://openalex.org/W2040314533","https://openalex.org/W2045403074","https://openalex.org/W2047317708","https://openalex.org/W2053190303","https://openalex.org/W2053967911","https://openalex.org/W2054971118","https://openalex.org/W2064406997","https://openalex.org/W2072281513","https://openalex.org/W2080293785","https://openalex.org/W2080925799","https://openalex.org/W2085702524","https://openalex.org/W2086461330","https://openalex.org/W2103073899","https://openalex.org/W2122136744","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2142359340","https://openalex.org/W2150831688","https://openalex.org/W2159288556","https://openalex.org/W2166147381","https://openalex.org/W2271010733","https://openalex.org/W2324223338","https://openalex.org/W2331720955","https://openalex.org/W2332582985","https://openalex.org/W2503414099","https://openalex.org/W2748622781","https://openalex.org/W2767847714","https://openalex.org/W2774024251","https://openalex.org/W3101170137","https://openalex.org/W3143546109","https://openalex.org/W4205660003","https://openalex.org/W4211118110","https://openalex.org/W4234807599","https://openalex.org/W4254112139","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299591247","https://openalex.org/W4301141993","https://openalex.org/W6600033781","https://openalex.org/W6600595470","https://openalex.org/W6604754873","https://openalex.org/W6605092411","https://openalex.org/W6606779026","https://openalex.org/W6608151892","https://openalex.org/W6627586621","https://openalex.org/W6628902395","https://openalex.org/W6629762339","https://openalex.org/W6631060426","https://openalex.org/W6633564205","https://openalex.org/W6634613699","https://openalex.org/W6635186411","https://openalex.org/W6637062273","https://openalex.org/W6638422648","https://openalex.org/W6638431496","https://openalex.org/W6670637573","https://openalex.org/W6671837902","https://openalex.org/W6675900518","https://openalex.org/W6682190698","https://openalex.org/W6683535060","https://openalex.org/W6745890071","https://openalex.org/W6816926689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250672495","https://openalex.org/W2901602967","https://openalex.org/W3143024938","https://openalex.org/W1963829561","https://openalex.org/W2762989731","https://openalex.org/W2139311624","https://openalex.org/W2595133251","https://openalex.org/W3004512416","https://openalex.org/W188981234","https://openalex.org/W2757679662"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}