{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012674455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","title":"Modelizing character allographs in omni-scriptor frame: a new non-supervised clustering algorithm","display_name":"Modelizing character allographs in omni-scriptor frame: a new non-supervised clustering algorithm","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012674455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","mag":"2012674455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045983846","display_name":"Lionel Pr\u00e9vost","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114274","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/0257sgk90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I143002897","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210114274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Prevost","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIS Groupe P&C, bo\u0131\u0302te 164, Universit\u00e9 Pierre & Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIS Groupe P&C, bo\u0131\u0302te 164, Universit\u00e9 Pierre & Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051058655","display_name":"Maurice Milgram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114274","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/0257sgk90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I143002897","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210114274"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Milgram","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIS Groupe P&C, bo\u0131\u0302te 164, Universit\u00e9 Pierre & Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIS Groupe P&C, bo\u0131\u0302te 164, Universit\u00e9 Pierre & Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045983846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114274"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88912732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"295","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8457328081130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7492119073867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.5647530555725098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5318581461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5179818868637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4819628894329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.47146517038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4293261170387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4261459708213806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8457328081130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7492119073867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.5647530555725098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5318581461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5179818868637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4819628894329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.47146517038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4293261170387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4261459708213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00159-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965273604","https://openalex.org/W1980652844","https://openalex.org/W1991502645","https://openalex.org/W1991848143","https://openalex.org/W2009823511","https://openalex.org/W2057619148","https://openalex.org/W2099070536","https://openalex.org/W2102734279","https://openalex.org/W2108967896","https://openalex.org/W2116086180","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2125218662","https://openalex.org/W2134467827","https://openalex.org/W2171840703","https://openalex.org/W2498414651","https://openalex.org/W2503164153","https://openalex.org/W2947000318","https://openalex.org/W6675608222","https://openalex.org/W6679713602","https://openalex.org/W6685025057","https://openalex.org/W7056835300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W3084909207","https://openalex.org/W1694630026","https://openalex.org/W2732496052"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
