{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080895699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","title":"Lexicon reduction using key characters in cursive handwritten words","display_name":"Lexicon reduction using key characters in cursive handwritten words","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080895699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","mag":"2080895699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102865574","display_name":"Matthias Zimmermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2892-8203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112614450","display_name":"Jianchang Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchang Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA","IBM Almaden Research center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102865574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84438064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"11-13","first_page":"1297","last_page":"1304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.9051283597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.8273659944534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.7758170366287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7594214677810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6599007844924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6169653534889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5521951913833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.45597565174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4343179166316986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4268075227737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.41439518332481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13765454292297363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.9051283597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.8273659944534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.7758170366287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7594214677810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6599007844924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6169653534889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5521951913833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45597565174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4343179166316986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4268075227737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41439518332481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13765454292297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00099-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559832317","https://openalex.org/W2032375421","https://openalex.org/W2048641976","https://openalex.org/W2092642599","https://openalex.org/W2126630636","https://openalex.org/W2172248551","https://openalex.org/W6633357085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373698219","https://openalex.org/W2035729865","https://openalex.org/W4253008392","https://openalex.org/W3092020155","https://openalex.org/W2131709163","https://openalex.org/W3007170103","https://openalex.org/W2244034498","https://openalex.org/W2808384053","https://openalex.org/W4387336415","https://openalex.org/W4387336439"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
