{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088369758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","title":"Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition","display_name":"Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088369758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","mag":"2088369758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336337","display_name":"Jianguo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-0456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644375","display_name":"Hong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7509434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"855","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletonization","display_name":"Skeletonization","score":0.9609928727149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.8133213520050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6991009712219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6270147562026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5779522657394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeleton","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","score":0.5775353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5355539321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5050166249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.38838106393814087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23951316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1984140","display_name":"Skeletonization","level":2,"score":0.9609928727149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.8133213520050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991009712219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6270147562026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5779522657394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5775353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5355539321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5050166249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38838106393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00052-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593726012","https://openalex.org/W1655554306","https://openalex.org/W1965131074","https://openalex.org/W1972389769","https://openalex.org/W1977582554","https://openalex.org/W1986324151","https://openalex.org/W2008969034","https://openalex.org/W2046485094","https://openalex.org/W2046683788","https://openalex.org/W2059162551","https://openalex.org/W2096472144","https://openalex.org/W2102428248","https://openalex.org/W2146682238","https://openalex.org/W4256180823","https://openalex.org/W6636759560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132416234","https://openalex.org/W2118553688","https://openalex.org/W2092783742","https://openalex.org/W2292955152","https://openalex.org/W1541884775","https://openalex.org/W2392853382","https://openalex.org/W2613387437","https://openalex.org/W2351398637","https://openalex.org/W2369437581","https://openalex.org/W68566355"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}