{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057573938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","title":"Adaptive confidence transform based classifier combination for Chinese character recognition","display_name":"Adaptive confidence transform based classifier combination for Chinese character recognition","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057573938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","mag":"2057573938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108543316","display_name":"Xiaofan Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111444853","display_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705483","display_name":"Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-7293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422057","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100821520","display_name":"Youshou Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youshou Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Division, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108543316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81831867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"975","last_page":"988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298498749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6613824963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6532867550849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.6183333396911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6124839782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5994047522544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5269309282302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36654922366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34058842062950134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298498749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6613824963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6532867550849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.6183333396911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6124839782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5994047522544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5269309282302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36654922366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34058842062950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00072-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594413869","https://openalex.org/W1980501707","https://openalex.org/W1992408997","https://openalex.org/W2046485094","https://openalex.org/W2049970057","https://openalex.org/W2067337070","https://openalex.org/W2102734279","https://openalex.org/W2106518186","https://openalex.org/W2123837361","https://openalex.org/W2124680419","https://openalex.org/W2128374258","https://openalex.org/W2154231986","https://openalex.org/W2154257401","https://openalex.org/W2164568552","https://openalex.org/W2171915408","https://openalex.org/W2941207615","https://openalex.org/W6607045254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2157978810","https://openalex.org/W2597809628","https://openalex.org/W3046370962"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}