{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040907763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","title":"Recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals by a radial basis function neural network classifier","display_name":"Recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals by a radial basis function neural network classifier","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040907763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","mag":"2040907763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111836436","display_name":"Young-Sup Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Sup Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112139881","display_name":"Sung-Yang Bang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Yang Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111836436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87125288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"657","last_page":"664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.8381317853927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587404251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.730174720287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7204045653343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function","display_name":"Radial basis function","score":0.7199271321296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6952937841415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.644586980342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-network","display_name":"Radial basis function network","score":0.43829867243766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.43237724900245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4221605360507965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.8381317853927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587404251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.730174720287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7204045653343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.7199271321296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6952937841415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.644586980342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132917294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679684","display_name":"Radial basis function network","level":4,"score":0.43829867243766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.43237724900245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4221605360507965}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(97)00056-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.2051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.2051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nova.postech.ac.kr/~suvia/papers/rbf_pr.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587362683","https://openalex.org/W2002011878","https://openalex.org/W2024184249","https://openalex.org/W2041460909","https://openalex.org/W2046485094","https://openalex.org/W2049970057","https://openalex.org/W2051320331","https://openalex.org/W2081040353","https://openalex.org/W2108137523","https://openalex.org/W2110916332","https://openalex.org/W2114160202","https://openalex.org/W2114738079","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2143956139","https://openalex.org/W2171277043","https://openalex.org/W2432517183","https://openalex.org/W2981264952","https://openalex.org/W6662439899","https://openalex.org/W6676101435","https://openalex.org/W6676589400","https://openalex.org/W6676853140","https://openalex.org/W6681090519","https://openalex.org/W6993211581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2238382207","https://openalex.org/W4301603763","https://openalex.org/W3148193224","https://openalex.org/W4230534566","https://openalex.org/W2184586959","https://openalex.org/W2105180757","https://openalex.org/W162769146","https://openalex.org/W2165592082","https://openalex.org/W2162304341","https://openalex.org/W1567195887"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}