{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151758915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","title":"Ant algorithms and stigmergy","display_name":"Ant algorithms and stigmergy","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151758915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","mag":"2151758915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024091899","display_name":"Marco Dorigo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dorigo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, CP 194/6, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, CP 194/6, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020432174","display_name":"Eric Bonabeau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095144","display_name":"Eurobio (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00j8xde38","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095144"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Bonabeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["EuroBios, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EuroBios, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087901292","display_name":"Guy Th\u00e9raulaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Theraulaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024091899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":806,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97115465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"851","last_page":"871"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9401999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigmergy","display_name":"Stigmergy","score":0.9769291877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8497556447982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.604356050491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.5992469787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5182756781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.49472591280937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.4659249484539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organization","display_name":"Self-organization","score":0.46479079127311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3895295262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22748491168022156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141158","display_name":"Stigmergy","level":2,"score":0.9769291877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8497556447982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.604356050491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.5992469787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5182756781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.49472591280937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.4659249484539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106960710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609408","display_name":"Self-organization","level":2,"score":0.46479079127311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3895295262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22748491168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/70123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/70123/2/Elsevier_47235.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Future generations computer systems, 16 (8","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110496375","https://openalex.org/W1174849168","https://openalex.org/W1486140585","https://openalex.org/W1492640216","https://openalex.org/W1499088401","https://openalex.org/W1512313081","https://openalex.org/W1518808328","https://openalex.org/W1530417869","https://openalex.org/W1540997109","https://openalex.org/W1557288165","https://openalex.org/W1566652554","https://openalex.org/W1582915165","https://openalex.org/W1587263632","https://openalex.org/W1589169729","https://openalex.org/W1592228927","https://openalex.org/W1602076081","https://openalex.org/W1647307900","https://openalex.org/W1664011265","https://openalex.org/W1674834782","https://openalex.org/W1699927882","https://openalex.org/W1801849579","https://openalex.org/W1843294840","https://openalex.org/W1855741192","https://openalex.org/W1912525641","https://openalex.org/W1916686100","https://openalex.org/W1920882073","https://openalex.org/W1930648503","https://openalex.org/W1933569933","https://openalex.org/W1967195912","https://openalex.org/W2009151996","https://openalex.org/W2012392675","https://openalex.org/W2012684064","https://openalex.org/W2017938154","https://openalex.org/W2020982711","https://openalex.org/W2025323500","https://openalex.org/W2025704344","https://openalex.org/W2037567262","https://openalex.org/W2038506760","https://openalex.org/W2043226657","https://openalex.org/W2048698391","https://openalex.org/W2053225543","https://openalex.org/W2056866706","https://openalex.org/W2072360297","https://openalex.org/W2081405734","https://openalex.org/W2089670420","https://openalex.org/W2101576896","https://openalex.org/W2106972943","https://openalex.org/W2107631366","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2111426473","https://openalex.org/W2113206802","https://openalex.org/W2117910558","https://openalex.org/W2118051273","https://openalex.org/W2121886896","https://openalex.org/W2124253297","https://openalex.org/W2126554879","https://openalex.org/W2140481494","https://openalex.org/W2145029893","https://openalex.org/W2146987494","https://openalex.org/W2146992348","https://openalex.org/W2148673189","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2162844183","https://openalex.org/W2164267739","https://openalex.org/W2167920923","https://openalex.org/W2171211995","https://openalex.org/W2171299282","https://openalex.org/W2325148206","https://openalex.org/W3122562967","https://openalex.org/W3123463548","https://openalex.org/W3124658027","https://openalex.org/W3126379430","https://openalex.org/W4243402094","https://openalex.org/W4256285562","https://openalex.org/W6633364091","https://openalex.org/W6635910384","https://openalex.org/W6652549746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347969533","https://openalex.org/W2612694818","https://openalex.org/W2155027171","https://openalex.org/W1545163188","https://openalex.org/W2388217074","https://openalex.org/W2394153495","https://openalex.org/W2363465025","https://openalex.org/W173201947","https://openalex.org/W2352212117","https://openalex.org/W192709900"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":38}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}