{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972087684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","title":"Improved speech modelling and recognition using a new training algorithm based on outlier-emphasis for non-stationary state HMM","display_name":"Improved speech modelling and recognition using a new training algorithm based on outlier-emphasis for non-stationary state HMM","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972087684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","mag":"1972087684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026159527","display_name":"Rathinavelu Chengalvarayan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rathinavelu Chengalvarayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Processing Group, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 2000 North Naperville Road, Naperville, IL 60566, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Processing Group, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 2000 North Naperville Road, Naperville, IL 60566, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026159527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10217944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"191","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8630614280700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.7775532007217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.7355724573135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6692790985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5719361305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5677931308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4990508556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emphasis","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","score":0.4979393482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-algorithm","display_name":"Forward algorithm","score":0.48096051812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.46163439750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.45140916109085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.436414897441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42941814661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4167678952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26164475083351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2147982120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.16389214992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.06608811020851135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8630614280700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.7775532007217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.7355724573135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6692790985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5719361305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5677931308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4990508556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4979393482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196455857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473264","display_name":"Forward algorithm","level":5,"score":0.48096051812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46163439750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.45140916109085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.436414897441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42941814661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4167678952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26164475083351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2147982120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.16389214992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.06608811020851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00057-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66978610","https://openalex.org/W137541753","https://openalex.org/W183911833","https://openalex.org/W1492282630","https://openalex.org/W1533051419","https://openalex.org/W1538748823","https://openalex.org/W1574530145","https://openalex.org/W1588533203","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W1967878178","https://openalex.org/W2010581677","https://openalex.org/W2044045749","https://openalex.org/W2085684370","https://openalex.org/W2098529290","https://openalex.org/W2102252988","https://openalex.org/W2102804087","https://openalex.org/W2108608770","https://openalex.org/W2131702393","https://openalex.org/W2131798047","https://openalex.org/W2138530627","https://openalex.org/W2139945562","https://openalex.org/W2143203634","https://openalex.org/W2148154194","https://openalex.org/W2151129782","https://openalex.org/W2155010316","https://openalex.org/W2163376162","https://openalex.org/W2169513726","https://openalex.org/W2186928922","https://openalex.org/W2466628968","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299322141","https://openalex.org/W4302170502","https://openalex.org/W6602736415","https://openalex.org/W6607555452","https://openalex.org/W6639463949","https://openalex.org/W6661883698","https://openalex.org/W6675400814","https://openalex.org/W6679663408","https://openalex.org/W6680858997","https://openalex.org/W6681627878","https://openalex.org/W6687050146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975869217","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2136652457","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W2849436992","https://openalex.org/W4312943493","https://openalex.org/W2383829109","https://openalex.org/W2401728283","https://openalex.org/W2408529216","https://openalex.org/W2386035178"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}