{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080018251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","title":"Algorithms for bigram and trigram word clustering","display_name":"Algorithms for bigram and trigram word clustering","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080018251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","mag":"2080018251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103615266","display_name":"Sven Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sven Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066984841","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Liermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Liermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112501010","display_name":"Hermann Ney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann Ney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik VI, RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103615266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":2870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2870},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":193,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96740421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.9363108277320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.9191724061965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.896765947341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.601738452911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5642703771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5435913801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.502825915813446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4669896960258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.45152583718299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3295571208000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24456718564033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.9363108277320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.9191724061965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.896765947341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.601738452911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5642703771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5435913801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.502825915813446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4669896960258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45152583718299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3295571208000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24456718564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(97)00062-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128025751","display_name":"Speech Communication","issn_l":"0167-6393","issn":["0167-6393","1872-7182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.5407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.5407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/I6/PostScript/InterneArbeiten/Martin_WordCluster_EUROSPEECH95_Sep95.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.2354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.2354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~ljupco/papers/SC24-Martin-892.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:113390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/113390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings / Eurospeech '95, 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Madrid, Spain, 18 - 21 September 1995 / European Speech Communication Association (ESCA). [Eds.: J. M. Pardo, ...]. - Vol. 2<br/>4. European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Eurospeech \u00b495, Madrid, Spain, 1995-09-18 - 1995-09-21","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:235064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/235064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Speech communication 24(1), 19-37 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0167-6393(97)00062-9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47415966","https://openalex.org/W52943171","https://openalex.org/W1497026191","https://openalex.org/W1508822448","https://openalex.org/W1554031433","https://openalex.org/W1590952807","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2065449542","https://openalex.org/W2075201173","https://openalex.org/W2083398114","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2147879411","https://openalex.org/W2155520241","https://openalex.org/W2162965720","https://openalex.org/W2164579587","https://openalex.org/W2441154163","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4256385226","https://openalex.org/W6633032510","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6776565550","https://openalex.org/W7010560811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W2041167939","https://openalex.org/W2020757772","https://openalex.org/W1500873938","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2223833155","https://openalex.org/W1903115690","https://openalex.org/W1513755266","https://openalex.org/W1626544186","https://openalex.org/W2166671015"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
