{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080350768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","title":"Security engineering and security RoI","display_name":"Security engineering and security RoI","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080350768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","mag":"2080350768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103514577","display_name":"Dr John Leach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dr John Leach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103514577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9453766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"482","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8907999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8907999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reset","display_name":"Reset (finance)","score":0.7751877903938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6699232459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6177777051925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-engineering","display_name":"Security engineering","score":0.5807605385780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4745928943157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.4393954277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-through-obscurity","display_name":"Security through obscurity","score":0.41722187399864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.3661925792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.342009037733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.3005741834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.2988923192024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.28790995478630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15677857398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.11615851521492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0998823344707489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7751877903938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6699232459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6177777051925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13159133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365674","display_name":"Security engineering","level":5,"score":0.5807605385780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4745928943157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4393954277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114869243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133735","display_name":"Security through obscurity","level":5,"score":0.41722187399864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.3661925792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.342009037733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.3005741834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.2988923192024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.28790995478630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15677857398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.11615851521492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0998823344707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00605-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1811024770","https://openalex.org/W4230385779","https://openalex.org/W2542633692","https://openalex.org/W2150071393","https://openalex.org/W658105165","https://openalex.org/W2151206587","https://openalex.org/W2395987867","https://openalex.org/W3138658062","https://openalex.org/W4287279928","https://openalex.org/W3117252235"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
