{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973738933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","title":"Spam: the evolution of a nuisance","display_name":"Spam: the evolution of a nuisance","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973738933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","mag":"1973738933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058252404","display_name":"Stephen Hinde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-1975"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hinde","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058252404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96533515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"474","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.661821722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trademark","display_name":"Trademark","score":0.6533451080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6223922967910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forum-spam","display_name":"Forum spam","score":0.5435473918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5153569579124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5126997232437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.45243126153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4521031081676483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.45051708817481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4135708212852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3964827358722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.35292932391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spambot","display_name":"Spambot","score":0.22362267971038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20504239201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16940990090370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11382362246513367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.661821722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779027411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167270","display_name":"Trademark","level":2,"score":0.6533451080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6223922967910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157310412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140915","display_name":"Forum spam","level":5,"score":0.5435473918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5153569579124451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5126997232437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.45243126153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4521031081676483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.45051708817481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4135708212852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3964827358722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.35292932391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127735637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306702","display_name":"Spambot","level":4,"score":0.22362267971038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20504239201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16940990090370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11382362246513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00603-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740802689","https://openalex.org/W1937320931","https://openalex.org/W2177149248","https://openalex.org/W3142836042","https://openalex.org/W2257689691","https://openalex.org/W3125524498","https://openalex.org/W2600551898","https://openalex.org/W2272336030","https://openalex.org/W2110379439","https://openalex.org/W1973738933"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}