{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064748121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","title":"The Steiner ratio of L2kd","display_name":"The Steiner ratio of L2kd","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064748121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","mag":"2064748121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063583212","display_name":"Dietmar Cieslik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36522303","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Greifswald","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1edq15","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dietmar Cieslik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ernst-Moritz-Arndt, University of Greifswald, Institut fur Mathematik und Informatik, Freidrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ernst-Moritz-Arndt, University of Greifswald, Institut fur Mathematik und Informatik, Freidrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063583212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.670912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"1-3","first_page":"217","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.8957693576812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.82955002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7892509698867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-spanning-tree","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","score":0.6510851979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanning-tree","display_name":"Spanning tree","score":0.5829453468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5197629332542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.46422216296195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.461447149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.421708345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-dominating-set","display_name":"Connected dominating set","score":0.41965097188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4138391613960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10341939330101013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76220878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764144","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","level":2,"score":0.8957693576812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.82955002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7892509698867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13743678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240464","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","level":2,"score":0.6510851979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64331007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831672","display_name":"Spanning tree","level":2,"score":0.5829453468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5197629332542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.46422216296195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.461447149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.421708345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37810922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161409","display_name":"Connected dominating set","level":3,"score":0.41965097188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4138391613960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10341939330101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00076-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380840098","https://openalex.org/W2376814941","https://openalex.org/W2562218965","https://openalex.org/W2081066931","https://openalex.org/W2138987445","https://openalex.org/W3081212354","https://openalex.org/W2943635264","https://openalex.org/W3116169590","https://openalex.org/W2055747731","https://openalex.org/W2390742649"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
