{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017765977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","title":"Local search algorithms for the k-cardinality tree problem","display_name":"Local search algorithms for the k-cardinality tree problem","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017765977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","mag":"2017765977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051233439","display_name":"Christian Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-3559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, IRIDIA, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, CP 194/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium","Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, IRIDIA, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, CP 194/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, IRIDIA, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, CP 194/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, IRIDIA, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, CP 194/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019869178","display_name":"Matthias Ehrgott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-4066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Ehrgott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand","Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag\u200992019, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag\u200992019, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019869178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97285228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"128","issue":"2-3","first_page":"511","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7038208246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tabu-search","display_name":"Tabu search","score":0.6864240169525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6421717405319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.6209229230880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5681097507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.5471299886703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.46527761220932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4446580410003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.44384336471557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.43144336342811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.42536279559135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2949022054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.20796066522598267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7038208246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424540","display_name":"Tabu search","level":2,"score":0.6864240169525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6421717405319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.6209229230880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5681097507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.5471299886703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.46527761220932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4446580410003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.44384336471557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.43144336342811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.42536279559135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2949022054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20796066522598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00548-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171741597","display_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0166-218X","issn":["0166-218X","1872-6771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.21.2702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.2702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~cblum/downloads/gelb_48.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/170940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/170940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discrete applied mathematics, 128 (2-3","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.rptu.de:519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kluedo.ub.rptu.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de:519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18216792","https://openalex.org/W63880283","https://openalex.org/W1211282206","https://openalex.org/W1537901463","https://openalex.org/W1575625195","https://openalex.org/W1576274444","https://openalex.org/W1976222519","https://openalex.org/W1981689130","https://openalex.org/W1992490235","https://openalex.org/W1994248285","https://openalex.org/W1995291660","https://openalex.org/W1998678640","https://openalex.org/W2010303431","https://openalex.org/W2032389500","https://openalex.org/W2033245488","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2043250424","https://openalex.org/W2064963298","https://openalex.org/W2070878875","https://openalex.org/W2088812877","https://openalex.org/W2104670598","https://openalex.org/W2106371135","https://openalex.org/W2110367141","https://openalex.org/W2112638680","https://openalex.org/W2120314696","https://openalex.org/W2147258429","https://openalex.org/W2163528881","https://openalex.org/W2339500526","https://openalex.org/W2804821234","https://openalex.org/W4246598646","https://openalex.org/W4300005723","https://openalex.org/W6601135110","https://openalex.org/W6602598929","https://openalex.org/W6605561933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533229056","https://openalex.org/W2329077287","https://openalex.org/W2676157946","https://openalex.org/W1491456715","https://openalex.org/W1979763505","https://openalex.org/W2726888863","https://openalex.org/W1555693598","https://openalex.org/W1967939489","https://openalex.org/W2027038333","https://openalex.org/W2519041592"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}