{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127036198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","title":"The design of the TAO real-time object request broker","display_name":"The design of the TAO real-time object request broker","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127036198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","mag":"2127036198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082548649","display_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-4995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060178969","display_name":"David L. Levine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022525574","display_name":"Sumedh Mungee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumedh Mungee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082548649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.5953,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":543,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99974509,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"294","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-object-request-broker-architecture","display_name":"Common Object Request Broker Architecture","score":0.9814416170120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8996962904930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperable-object-reference","display_name":"Interoperable Object Reference","score":0.7675384283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-request-broker","display_name":"Object request broker","score":0.6925150752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priority-inversion","display_name":"Priority inversion","score":0.6575469970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6426976919174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5536867380142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5010013580322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4967213273048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-operating-system","display_name":"Real-time operating system","score":0.4581948220729828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-object","display_name":"Distributed object","score":0.4129032492637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4042428433895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33929508924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.333540141582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1933463215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.14006423950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10643136501312256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691593","display_name":"Common Object Request Broker Architecture","level":2,"score":0.9814416170120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8996962904930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204671669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413463","display_name":"Interoperable Object Reference","level":4,"score":0.7675384283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48914193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366152","display_name":"Object request broker","level":4,"score":0.6925150752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172828308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520734","display_name":"Priority inversion","level":5,"score":0.6575469970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6426976919174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5536867380142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5010013580322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4967213273048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28472234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213666","display_name":"Real-time operating system","level":2,"score":0.4581948220729828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81192388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283169","display_name":"Distributed object","level":3,"score":0.4129032492637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4042428433895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33929508924484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.333540141582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1933463215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.14006423950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10643136501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175893541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196582","display_name":"Round-robin scheduling","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00165-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10938879","https://openalex.org/W113754791","https://openalex.org/W1521422937","https://openalex.org/W1524129009","https://openalex.org/W1525458120","https://openalex.org/W1528276458","https://openalex.org/W1539873659","https://openalex.org/W1557690937","https://openalex.org/W1562374535","https://openalex.org/W1573248856","https://openalex.org/W1579160107","https://openalex.org/W1582443449","https://openalex.org/W1584915076","https://openalex.org/W1598718436","https://openalex.org/W1600607000","https://openalex.org/W1647514715","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1664198384","https://openalex.org/W1791522999","https://openalex.org/W1905332030","https://openalex.org/W1910094877","https://openalex.org/W1971851769","https://openalex.org/W1982205631","https://openalex.org/W1997631627","https://openalex.org/W2001376924","https://openalex.org/W2008758877","https://openalex.org/W2010894613","https://openalex.org/W2022529720","https://openalex.org/W2026803050","https://openalex.org/W2029414465","https://openalex.org/W2034833774","https://openalex.org/W2041938674","https://openalex.org/W2044359085","https://openalex.org/W2065826255","https://openalex.org/W2087554434","https://openalex.org/W2101612541","https://openalex.org/W2103037564","https://openalex.org/W2104626771","https://openalex.org/W2109488193","https://openalex.org/W2115521458","https://openalex.org/W2118801568","https://openalex.org/W2120214216","https://openalex.org/W2123952177","https://openalex.org/W2125990424","https://openalex.org/W2127219332","https://openalex.org/W2128037259","https://openalex.org/W2128883551","https://openalex.org/W2129460177","https://openalex.org/W2140396489","https://openalex.org/W2148741660","https://openalex.org/W2156013704","https://openalex.org/W2157311434","https://openalex.org/W2160293203","https://openalex.org/W2160658337","https://openalex.org/W2160992991","https://openalex.org/W2163057847","https://openalex.org/W2163102990","https://openalex.org/W2164161511","https://openalex.org/W2164719334","https://openalex.org/W2166573642","https://openalex.org/W2262960161","https://openalex.org/W2294165883","https://openalex.org/W2295863921","https://openalex.org/W2296256089","https://openalex.org/W2473765264","https://openalex.org/W2515491598","https://openalex.org/W2555657893","https://openalex.org/W2610185069","https://openalex.org/W2610778765","https://openalex.org/W2611490700","https://openalex.org/W2992109006","https://openalex.org/W4239277337","https://openalex.org/W4241529396","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4401246393","https://openalex.org/W6601364564","https://openalex.org/W6630834428","https://openalex.org/W6631795345","https://openalex.org/W6632395311","https://openalex.org/W6633848381","https://openalex.org/W6634791082","https://openalex.org/W6635807975","https://openalex.org/W6635875829","https://openalex.org/W6637075053","https://openalex.org/W6639679312","https://openalex.org/W6645717217","https://openalex.org/W6657725327","https://openalex.org/W6666810750","https://openalex.org/W6672248902","https://openalex.org/W6676783215","https://openalex.org/W6679129947","https://openalex.org/W6679489751","https://openalex.org/W6679593288","https://openalex.org/W6680757118","https://openalex.org/W6682002559","https://openalex.org/W6683183041","https://openalex.org/W6683425519","https://openalex.org/W6683902570","https://openalex.org/W6684124488","https://openalex.org/W6684438634","https://openalex.org/W6696937828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587389907","https://openalex.org/W2803912447","https://openalex.org/W2377023488","https://openalex.org/W2504620498","https://openalex.org/W1524224399","https://openalex.org/W8106001","https://openalex.org/W2348430094","https://openalex.org/W2349283569","https://openalex.org/W2372491645","https://openalex.org/W2111189711"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}