{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031346212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","title":"Design and planning under uncertainty: issues on problem formulation and solution","display_name":"Design and planning under uncertainty: issues on problem formulation and solution","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031346212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","mag":"2031346212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150671403","display_name":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","issn_l":"0098-1354","issn":["0098-1354","1873-4375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055676902","display_name":"Eswaran Subrahmanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Subrahmanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108788763","display_name":"Art Westerberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.W. Westerberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108788763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98691629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"781","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6194712519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6074080467224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-programming","display_name":"Stochastic programming","score":0.6055099964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5429418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5055878162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-problem","display_name":"Decision problem","score":0.4616393446922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-decision","display_name":"Optimal decision","score":0.45499640703201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4253460168838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downside-risk","display_name":"Downside risk","score":0.42476266622543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.42251744866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41777801513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4157904386520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3648102879524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22822454571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22291913628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.21351838111877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21071094274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.13141551613807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10789275169372559}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6194712519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6074080467224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.6055099964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5429418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5055878162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.4616393446922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150325174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335500","display_name":"Optimal decision","level":3,"score":0.45499640703201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4253460168838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776719154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094965","display_name":"Downside risk","level":3,"score":0.42476266622543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.42251744866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41777801513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4157904386520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3648102879524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22822454571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22291913628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.21351838111877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21071094274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.13141551613807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10789275169372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00264-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150671403","display_name":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","issn_l":"0098-1354","issn":["0098-1354","1873-4375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506832649","https://openalex.org/W1564218744","https://openalex.org/W1569990960","https://openalex.org/W1576452626","https://openalex.org/W1974659495","https://openalex.org/W1976822543","https://openalex.org/W1981227228","https://openalex.org/W1983688269","https://openalex.org/W1994159989","https://openalex.org/W1994377487","https://openalex.org/W1995503011","https://openalex.org/W2004902802","https://openalex.org/W2008499862","https://openalex.org/W2011378837","https://openalex.org/W2015887084","https://openalex.org/W2039174590","https://openalex.org/W2039479114","https://openalex.org/W2044233090","https://openalex.org/W2055427220","https://openalex.org/W2056011840","https://openalex.org/W2059073820","https://openalex.org/W2064611606","https://openalex.org/W2073533047","https://openalex.org/W2079859937","https://openalex.org/W2086832561","https://openalex.org/W2097422061","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2100387313","https://openalex.org/W2103626435","https://openalex.org/W2111654366","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2128451321","https://openalex.org/W2138351910","https://openalex.org/W2141405008","https://openalex.org/W2154920280","https://openalex.org/W2163660029","https://openalex.org/W2169982856","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W2801191825","https://openalex.org/W3106992008","https://openalex.org/W3124364946","https://openalex.org/W4253747514","https://openalex.org/W4289255744","https://openalex.org/W4292864963","https://openalex.org/W4298023569","https://openalex.org/W4300260142","https://openalex.org/W4365787967","https://openalex.org/W6643854680","https://openalex.org/W6751358837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171353008","https://openalex.org/W2161949749","https://openalex.org/W2403631390","https://openalex.org/W2354187427","https://openalex.org/W1897016673","https://openalex.org/W4362679353","https://openalex.org/W4300499465","https://openalex.org/W1526634272","https://openalex.org/W2065087844","https://openalex.org/W857268061"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}