{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987565072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","title":"Optimizing the cost matrix for approximate string matching using genetic algorithms","display_name":"Optimizing the cost matrix for approximate string matching using genetic algorithms","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987565072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","mag":"1987565072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037362277","display_name":"Marc Parizeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Parizeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partment de G\u00e9nie \u00e9lectrique et de Genie informatique, Universit& Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada GIK 7P4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partment de G\u00e9nie \u00e9lectrique et de Genie informatique, Universit& Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada GIK 7P4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063145283","display_name":"Nadia Ghazzali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Ghazzali","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partment de G\u00e9nie \u00e9lectrique et de Genie informatique, Universit& Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada GIK 7P4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partment de G\u00e9nie \u00e9lectrique et de Genie informatique, Universit& Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada GIK 7P4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081120910","display_name":"J.-F. Hebert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois H\u00e9bert","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques et de Statistique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada G1K 7P4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques et de Statistique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Ste-Foy (QUE, Canada G1K 7P4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037362277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74565594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"431","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenshtein-distance","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","score":0.7100508213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6669744253158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-metric","display_name":"String metric","score":0.64229816198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.6299766898155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6282100677490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-string-matching","display_name":"Approximate string matching","score":0.6251426935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6157132983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5553297400474548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.542776882648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5225883722305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5062190890312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4942960739135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.44661492109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3869025707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3554331064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24806535243988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.23729845881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18615558743476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.078793466091156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496939","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","level":2,"score":0.7100508213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6669744253158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22820288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9050568","display_name":"String metric","level":4,"score":0.64229816198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6299766898155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6282100677490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32610155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798621","display_name":"Approximate string matching","level":3,"score":0.6251426935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6157132983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5553297400474548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.542776882648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5225883722305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5062190890312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4942960739135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44661492109298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3869025707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3554331064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24806535243988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.23729845881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18615558743476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.078793466091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(97)00058-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.46.7931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.46.7931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gel.ulaval.ca/~parizeau/publications/pr97mat.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501400124","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W2028249034","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2073531516","https://openalex.org/W2111643688","https://openalex.org/W2131677984","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2147510700","https://openalex.org/W2147611619","https://openalex.org/W2149179203","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4244527929","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6679426280","https://openalex.org/W6681557305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461708070","https://openalex.org/W2950268498","https://openalex.org/W4280559639","https://openalex.org/W4285090010","https://openalex.org/W2399644331","https://openalex.org/W2102443632","https://openalex.org/W1505906253","https://openalex.org/W2074064717","https://openalex.org/W2405436873","https://openalex.org/W2187092961"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}