{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027232868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","title":"A variation measure for handwritten character image data using entropy difference","display_name":"A variation measure for handwritten character image data using entropy difference","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027232868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","mag":"2027232868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032360485","display_name":"Dea-Hwan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dea-Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110747602","display_name":"Eun-Jung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7773-8198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eun-Jung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112139881","display_name":"Sung-Yang Bang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Yang Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 790-784 , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112139881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77383196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.8605867624282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.7061241269111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6126032471656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5969772934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5627142190933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.5114237666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5001380443572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.43037787079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39758455753326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34717196226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32547008991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.29620635509490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1875915229320526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11216863989830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10364922881126404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.8605867624282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.7061241269111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6126032471656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5969772934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5627142190933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.5114237666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5001380443572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.43037787079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39758455753326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34717196226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32547008991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29620635509490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1875915229320526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11216863989830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10364922881126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00066-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062361515","https://openalex.org/W2074502762","https://openalex.org/W6665955013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W2038534795","https://openalex.org/W2384358604","https://openalex.org/W2077314575","https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W4315701745","https://openalex.org/W1990290471","https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W1567829292"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
