{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160794449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","title":"Hierarchical classification and feature reduction for fast face detection with support vector machines","display_name":"Hierarchical classification and feature reduction for fast face detection with support vector machines","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160794449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","mag":"2160794449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078010177","display_name":"Bernd Heisele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145184","display_name":"Honda (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vdmc602","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210145184"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Heisele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","Honda Research Institute US, 145 Tremont St., Boston, MA 02111, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute US, 145 Tremont St., Boston, MA 02111, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018626055","display_name":"T. Serre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-0039"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Serre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110708929","display_name":"Sam Prentice","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Prentice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001833084","display_name":"Tomaso Poggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-0455"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomaso Poggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biological and Computational Learning, MIT, E25-201, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078010177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145184"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98787313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"9","first_page":"2007","last_page":"2017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7741137742996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7360374331474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309901118278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6788363456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.675935685634613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.48523473739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4710172414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.449971079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4302464723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.424032062292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4127888083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39691638946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3356984853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25419771671295166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7741137742996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7360374331474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309901118278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6788363456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.675935685634613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.48523473739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4710172414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.449971079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4302464723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.424032062292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4127888083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39691638946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3356984853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25419771671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(03)00062-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.130.7824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.130.7824","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.mit.edu/serre/www/publications/heisele_etal-HBPRCV05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493269421","https://openalex.org/W1639520386","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2040884411","https://openalex.org/W2055712799","https://openalex.org/W2104671481","https://openalex.org/W2137401668","https://openalex.org/W2142323399","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2154376992","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W3042658839","https://openalex.org/W3081727571","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4248235699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2055840562","https://openalex.org/W2028016548"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
