{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079953554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","title":"Normal vector and winding number in 2D digital images with application for hole detection","display_name":"Normal vector and winding number in 2D digital images with application for hole detection","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079953554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","mag":"2079953554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113639004","display_name":"Franck Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84360360","display_name":"College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University","ror":"https://ror.org/00watgv28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84360360"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franck Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Center, Department of Computer Science, Saint John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri\u2013\u2013Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Center, Department of Computer Science, Saint John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84360360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri\u2013\u2013Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113639004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870","https://openalex.org/I84360360"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69487594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"11","first_page":"2253","last_page":"2258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4860227704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46867141127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.44832342863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42664700746536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4232422113418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42063677310943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2569637894630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.22918936610221863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4860227704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46867141127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.44832342863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42664700746536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4232422113418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42063677310943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2569637894630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.22918936610221863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00036-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170294175","https://openalex.org/W193605690","https://openalex.org/W593726012","https://openalex.org/W1535689040","https://openalex.org/W1976678415","https://openalex.org/W1995215698","https://openalex.org/W2030280038","https://openalex.org/W2031376077","https://openalex.org/W2040398869","https://openalex.org/W2041860687","https://openalex.org/W2065429801","https://openalex.org/W2099278099","https://openalex.org/W2112917209","https://openalex.org/W2149679822","https://openalex.org/W2158240273","https://openalex.org/W6628101261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2058170566"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
