{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066221447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","title":"Interchangeable pairs of pixels in two-valued digital images","display_name":"Interchangeable pairs of pixels in two-valued digital images","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066221447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","mag":"2066221447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110520108","display_name":"Azriel Rosenfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azriel Rosenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3275, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3275, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033203259","display_name":"Punam K. Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-118X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Punam K. Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071250790","display_name":"Akira Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-7026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139084617","display_name":"Hiroshima Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bwkwm60","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139084617"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hiroshima-Denki Institute of Technology, Hiroshima 739-0321, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hiroshima-Denki Institute of Technology, Hiroshima 739-0321, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139084617"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85363144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"9","first_page":"1853","last_page":"1865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7613983154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6424064040184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6278736591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5754959583282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.44675564765930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.4455646276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37852686643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34214961528778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.23089471459388733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7613983154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6424064040184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6278736591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5754959583282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.44675564765930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.4455646276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37852686643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34214961528778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.23089471459388733}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00105-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595504285","https://openalex.org/W1995215698","https://openalex.org/W1998990759","https://openalex.org/W2016387234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W4313427965","https://openalex.org/W2117577511","https://openalex.org/W1497877549","https://openalex.org/W2392126150","https://openalex.org/W1485522661","https://openalex.org/W2393687301","https://openalex.org/W4290937774","https://openalex.org/W2371775810","https://openalex.org/W2374508065"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
