{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132047332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","title":"Texture discrimination with multidimensional distributions of signed gray-level differences","display_name":"Texture discrimination with multidimensional distributions of signed gray-level differences","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132047332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","mag":"2132047332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043089012","display_name":"Timo Ojala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9811-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timo Ojala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Vision and Media Processing Unit, Infotech Oulu and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision and Media Processing Unit, Infotech Oulu and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024722325","display_name":"Kimmo Valkealahti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimmo Valkealahti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Research Center, P.O. Box 407, FIN-00045 Nokia Group, Finland","Nokia Research Center P.O. Box 407, FIN-00045 NOKIA GROUP, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center, P.O. Box 407, FIN-00045 Nokia Group, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center P.O. Box 407, FIN-00045 NOKIA GROUP, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085424325","display_name":"Erkki Oja","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erkki Oja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014611768","display_name":"Matti Pietik\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-6731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Pietik\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Vision and Media Processing Unit, Infotech Oulu and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision and Media Processing Unit, Infotech Oulu and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4500, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043089012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96486843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"727","last_page":"739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7459173202514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7368853092193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5547382831573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5344283580780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5291517376899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-level","display_name":"Gray level","score":0.5211472511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray","display_name":"Gray (unit)","score":0.49404552578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4704643189907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.46937015652656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4686443507671356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16544228792190552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7459173202514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7368853092193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5547382831573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5344283580780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5291517376899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985861186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Gray level","level":3,"score":0.5211472511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49404552578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4704643189907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.46937015652656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4686443507671356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16544228792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(00)00010-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.100.4467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.100.4467","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mediateam.oulu.fi/publications/pdf/5.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487718662","https://openalex.org/W1564419782","https://openalex.org/W1652620572","https://openalex.org/W2031586513","https://openalex.org/W2033769372","https://openalex.org/W2038836824","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2055693100","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2072692661","https://openalex.org/W2098347925","https://openalex.org/W2117395697","https://openalex.org/W2120587770","https://openalex.org/W2125148312","https://openalex.org/W2145560214","https://openalex.org/W2156304744","https://openalex.org/W2163363072","https://openalex.org/W2170758136","https://openalex.org/W2911956715","https://openalex.org/W4235771501","https://openalex.org/W4292901553","https://openalex.org/W6631065984","https://openalex.org/W6758657058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498259939","https://openalex.org/W1983610137","https://openalex.org/W2097458023","https://openalex.org/W2726222394","https://openalex.org/W2990472155","https://openalex.org/W1504055519","https://openalex.org/W2181817726","https://openalex.org/W2901148276","https://openalex.org/W2750350980","https://openalex.org/W2070846003"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
