{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018428770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","title":"Space bounds for processing contentless inputs","display_name":"Space bounds for processing contentless inputs","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018428770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","mag":"2018428770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078490833","display_name":"Allen R. Freedman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.R. Freedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby 2, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby 2, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043369298","display_name":"Richard E. Ladner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.E. Ladner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, washington 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, washington 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078490833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":{"value":2520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91594878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"118","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-hierarchy-theorem","display_name":"Time hierarchy theorem","score":0.793179988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine","display_name":"Turing machine","score":0.785509467124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nspace","display_name":"NSPACE","score":0.7603265047073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.653710663318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.5977326035499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-turing-machine","display_name":"Probabilistic Turing machine","score":0.5363093614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5252789258956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5207764506340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.46990153193473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.46113789081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-recursive-algorithm","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","score":0.4498875141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4401005208492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-deterministic-turing-machine","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","score":0.42413198947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4149474799633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.41112104058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3881627023220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-turing-machine","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","score":0.3569543659687042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2586519122123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08431488275527954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48415503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251122","display_name":"Time hierarchy theorem","level":5,"score":0.793179988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.785509467124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201958364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756295","display_name":"NSPACE","level":5,"score":0.7603265047073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.653710663318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.5977326035499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144271403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191836","display_name":"Probabilistic Turing machine","level":5,"score":0.5363093614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5252789258956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5207764506340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.46990153193473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.46113789081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31402856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295939","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","level":5,"score":0.4498875141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4401005208492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15190523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190223","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","level":5,"score":0.42413198947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4149474799633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.41112104058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3881627023220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131671149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703890","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","level":4,"score":0.3569543659687042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2586519122123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08431488275527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0000(75)80052-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141020589","display_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","issn_l":"0022-0000","issn":["0022-0000","1090-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1817451992","https://openalex.org/W2089690927","https://openalex.org/W2532500577","https://openalex.org/W2533977282","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W3175367423","https://openalex.org/W6638599355","https://openalex.org/W6728831725","https://openalex.org/W6728847550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070488416","https://openalex.org/W1760285719","https://openalex.org/W1531426191","https://openalex.org/W1662868588","https://openalex.org/W3205703342","https://openalex.org/W3014863312","https://openalex.org/W2341138125","https://openalex.org/W2547364878","https://openalex.org/W2022693656","https://openalex.org/W1526857708"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}