{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997654070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","title":"Toward automating recognition of differing problem-solving demands","display_name":"Toward automating recognition of differing problem-solving demands","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997654070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","mag":"1997654070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225790","display_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","issn_l":"0020-7373","issn":["0020-7373","1879-3614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083774537","display_name":"Jeffrey N. Stout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-3018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Stout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028737096","display_name":"Gilbert Caplain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Caplain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087327429","display_name":"Sandra Marcus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Marcus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111511141","display_name":"John McDermott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John McDermott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083774537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96188125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"599","last_page":"611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7101870179176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.674216628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.613223671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5847432017326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","score":0.5296199917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5248354077339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.48130953311920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","score":0.466940313577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45029234886169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3800951838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3781886100769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3407957851886749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24254941940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.1774464249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12550660967826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12424618005752563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7101870179176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.674216628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.613223671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5847432017326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5296199917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5248354077339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48130953311920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.466940313577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45029234886169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3800951838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3781886100769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3407957851886749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24254941940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.1774464249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12550660967826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12424618005752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(88)80015-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225790","display_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","issn_l":"0020-7373","issn":["0020-7373","1879-3614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56759767","https://openalex.org/W126356071","https://openalex.org/W176648427","https://openalex.org/W1479911305","https://openalex.org/W1601905586","https://openalex.org/W1985943651","https://openalex.org/W2012228084","https://openalex.org/W2021337406","https://openalex.org/W2030418517","https://openalex.org/W2030523189","https://openalex.org/W2038118137","https://openalex.org/W2048737604","https://openalex.org/W2204594070","https://openalex.org/W2406327145","https://openalex.org/W2602753196","https://openalex.org/W3093981756","https://openalex.org/W4230806689","https://openalex.org/W6605048004","https://openalex.org/W6607292238","https://openalex.org/W6628708258","https://openalex.org/W6635462986","https://openalex.org/W6636088053","https://openalex.org/W6646742391","https://openalex.org/W7065519762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125479495","https://openalex.org/W1989583491","https://openalex.org/W2012251886","https://openalex.org/W2150974735","https://openalex.org/W2083849133","https://openalex.org/W2086580554","https://openalex.org/W1559202216","https://openalex.org/W4229675364","https://openalex.org/W2093171718","https://openalex.org/W32894952"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
