{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064946283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","title":"Information relationships in PROLOG programs: how do programmers comprehend functionality?","display_name":"Information relationships in PROLOG programs: how do programmers comprehend functionality?","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064946283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","mag":"2064946283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225790","display_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","issn_l":"0020-7373","issn":["0020-7373","1879-3614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059088839","display_name":"David Bergantz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Bergantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Business Machines, Roanoke, TX 76299, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Business Machines, Roanoke, TX 76299, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009477670","display_name":"Johnette Hassell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnette Hassell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA","Department of Computer Science , Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059088839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93868952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"313","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.8241468667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.7986608743667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7844415903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolog","display_name":"Prolog","score":0.7431708574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.7314416170120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5734131932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.47123679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43702393770217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4244711697101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42444437742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3595955967903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.18853643536567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12359902262687683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.8241468667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.7986608743667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7844415903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.7431708574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.7314416170120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5734131932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.47123679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43702393770217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4244711697101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42444437742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3595955967903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.18853643536567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12359902262687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(05)80131-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225790","display_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","issn_l":"0020-7373","issn":["0020-7373","1879-3614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39301701","https://openalex.org/W202909246","https://openalex.org/W1492518088","https://openalex.org/W1495276113","https://openalex.org/W1501367599","https://openalex.org/W1502693024","https://openalex.org/W1735280056","https://openalex.org/W1995487812","https://openalex.org/W2014243053","https://openalex.org/W2026729713","https://openalex.org/W2120704737","https://openalex.org/W2133247167","https://openalex.org/W2141109493","https://openalex.org/W2145731266","https://openalex.org/W2151205503","https://openalex.org/W2154671002","https://openalex.org/W2167116703","https://openalex.org/W2242693728","https://openalex.org/W4249658983","https://openalex.org/W6629779416","https://openalex.org/W6629970789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724855087","https://openalex.org/W2954615856","https://openalex.org/W2886906914","https://openalex.org/W4389495687","https://openalex.org/W2884362859","https://openalex.org/W1508879959","https://openalex.org/W2611067684","https://openalex.org/W2037906140","https://openalex.org/W2123179197","https://openalex.org/W3091612339"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}