{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069192349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","title":"Logical second order models: Achieving synergy between computer power and human reason","display_name":"Logical second order models: Achieving synergy between computer power and human reason","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069192349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","mag":"2069192349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072647016","display_name":"Gwang-Yong Gim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-1071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwangyong Gim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Soong Sil University, 1-1 Sangdo 5-Dong, Dongjak-ku, Seoul 156-743, South Korea","School of Management, Soong Sil University, 1-1 Sangdo 5-Dong, Dongjak-ku, Seoul 156-743, South Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Soong Sil University, 1-1 Sangdo 5-Dong, Dongjak-ku, Seoul 156-743, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Soong Sil University, 1-1 Sangdo 5-Dong, Dongjak-ku, Seoul 156-743, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048130435","display_name":"Thomas Whalen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Whalen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Decision Sciences, The Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303-3083, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Decision Sciences, The Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303-3083, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048130435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"],"apc_list":{"value":3330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14726451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"1-4","first_page":"81","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6592892408370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bankruptcy","display_name":"Bankruptcy","score":0.5870429277420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5658669471740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logit","display_name":"Logit","score":0.5576415657997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-induction","display_name":"Rule induction","score":0.506393551826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.46512317657470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4580298066139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4426421523094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4219253659248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09729114174842834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6592892408370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.5870429277420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5658669471740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.5576415657997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378945","display_name":"Rule induction","level":2,"score":0.506393551826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.46512317657470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4580298066139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4426421523094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4219253659248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09729114174842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10059-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611848211","https://openalex.org/W1533168323","https://openalex.org/W1674669055","https://openalex.org/W2013128786","https://openalex.org/W2059372149","https://openalex.org/W2082102453","https://openalex.org/W2102150307","https://openalex.org/W2144242878","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2160943311","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2798510847","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4299882772","https://openalex.org/W6682610290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2179014274","https://openalex.org/W3122549952","https://openalex.org/W4247025800","https://openalex.org/W577805051","https://openalex.org/W326514058","https://openalex.org/W2381785583","https://openalex.org/W2356340798","https://openalex.org/W1594002696","https://openalex.org/W991441479","https://openalex.org/W4317766829"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}