{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994193726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","title":"Functional dependencies and constraints on null values in database relations","display_name":"Functional dependencies and constraints on null values in database relations","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994193726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","mag":"1994193726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064341104","display_name":"Paolo Atzeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-4725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162062","display_name":"Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica Antonio Ruberti","ror":"https://ror.org/054ye0e45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210162062"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Atzeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Manzoni 30, 00185 Roma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Manzoni 30, 00185 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063471808","display_name":"Nicola M. Morfuni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola M. Morfuni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Universit\u00e0 di roma \u201cLa Sapienza,\u201d Via Buonarroti 12, 00185 Roma, Italy","Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Universit\u00e0 di Roma ``La Sapienza'', Via Buonarroti, 12, 00185, Roma, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Universit\u00e0 di roma \u201cLa Sapienza,\u201d Via Buonarroti 12, 00185 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Universit\u00e0 di Roma ``La Sapienza'', Via Buonarroti, 12, 00185, Roma, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064341104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162062"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70801527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.833869218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-dependency","display_name":"Functional dependency","score":0.8087913990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.6765236854553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-theory","display_name":"Dependency theory (database theory)","score":0.6270303130149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.5869013667106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5158156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.5146356821060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4977908134460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48216861486434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.39719220995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3850361108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.255135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.192257821559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1227717399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08090773224830627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.833869218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26320393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597053","display_name":"Functional dependency","level":3,"score":0.8087913990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.6765236854553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40683218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5260625","display_name":"Dependency theory (database theory)","level":4,"score":0.6270303130149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.5869013667106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5158156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5146356821060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4977908134460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48216861486434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.39719220995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3850361108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.255135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.192257821559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1227717399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08090773224830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(86)80022-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/153613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11590/153613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43035074","https://openalex.org/W91443868","https://openalex.org/W180578187","https://openalex.org/W1575486615","https://openalex.org/W1590469553","https://openalex.org/W1599705094","https://openalex.org/W1971247055","https://openalex.org/W1981061652","https://openalex.org/W2003017562","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2023663289","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2050480346","https://openalex.org/W2057773300","https://openalex.org/W2066837227","https://openalex.org/W2075276099","https://openalex.org/W2115822498","https://openalex.org/W2135105491","https://openalex.org/W2145589985","https://openalex.org/W2148717074","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2489748212","https://openalex.org/W2788164529","https://openalex.org/W6601749026","https://openalex.org/W6603704065","https://openalex.org/W6634503913","https://openalex.org/W6635084852","https://openalex.org/W6635853567","https://openalex.org/W6659573362","https://openalex.org/W6681589381","https://openalex.org/W6682055173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968137129","https://openalex.org/W2039445786","https://openalex.org/W2884840983","https://openalex.org/W2185054849","https://openalex.org/W2274317205","https://openalex.org/W2273673275","https://openalex.org/W2361244046","https://openalex.org/W2582695666","https://openalex.org/W2807313188","https://openalex.org/W1596310203"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}