{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060894864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","title":"A universal context-free grammar","display_name":"A universal context-free grammar","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060894864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","mag":"2060894864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019995875902168/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019995875902168/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110384616","display_name":"Takumi Kasai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takumi Kasai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Mathematical Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Mathematical Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110384616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8913904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"30","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.6791373491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6674457788467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6226242780685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5896794199943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5880421996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5066614747047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4844793975353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3747587502002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3540523946285248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3216468393802643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2710619270801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11205381155014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07253661751747131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.6791373491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6674457788467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6226242780685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5896794199943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5880421996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5066614747047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4844793975353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3747587502002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3540523946285248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3216468393802643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2710619270801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11205381155014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07253661751747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019995875902168/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(75)90216-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019995875902168/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060894864.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060894864.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964770427","https://openalex.org/W1979877014","https://openalex.org/W2031505927","https://openalex.org/W2040713190","https://openalex.org/W2050232471","https://openalex.org/W2084814487","https://openalex.org/W2087329142","https://openalex.org/W2914032487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074481494","https://openalex.org/W2808006995","https://openalex.org/W4250156143","https://openalex.org/W4247156967","https://openalex.org/W582626623","https://openalex.org/W4240940369","https://openalex.org/W4298850403","https://openalex.org/W2808496111","https://openalex.org/W4233641337","https://openalex.org/W1993257543"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
