{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210509915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6","title":"An improved lower bound on the covering number K2(9, 1)","display_name":"An improved lower bound on the covering number K2(9, 1)","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210509915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027655531","display_name":"E. Kolev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Kolev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044002950","display_name":"Rachel C. Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044002950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36270757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"197-198","issue":null,"first_page":"483","last_page":"489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10849","display_name":"Finite Group Theory Research","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8461505174636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.8049802780151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.7918754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7737370133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.662171483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6429873704910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.586304247379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.5410823225975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5038599371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10535714030265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06588223576545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.05170893669128418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8461505174636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.8049802780151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.7918754816055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7737370133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.662171483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6429873704910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.586304247379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.5410823225975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5038599371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10535714030265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06588223576545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.05170893669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(99)90103-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073623937","https://openalex.org/W2138596787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287273005","https://openalex.org/W3135784370","https://openalex.org/W2776473626","https://openalex.org/W1966028935","https://openalex.org/W2134880816","https://openalex.org/W2111298487","https://openalex.org/W4308157887","https://openalex.org/W2613579564","https://openalex.org/W2055498716","https://openalex.org/W2279238589"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
