{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006619685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","title":"Classifications and characterizations of snarks","display_name":"Classifications and characterizations of snarks","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006619685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","mag":"2006619685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041562341","display_name":"Eckhard Steffen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-7401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eckhard Steffen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita̋t Bielefeld, Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany","t Bielefeld, Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany","Universita&#x030B"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita̋t Bielefeld, Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"t Bielefeld, Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Mathematik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita&#x030B","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041562341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81469871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"188","issue":"1-3","first_page":"183","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8564765453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7817957401275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.6208750605583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5106471180915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.46865314245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09871238470077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.05730411410331726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8564765453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7817957401275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.6208750605583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5106471180915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46865314245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09871238470077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05730411410331726}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(97)00255-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18902827","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"0012-365X","issn":["0012-365X","1872-681X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77075433","https://openalex.org/W92623642","https://openalex.org/W204325713","https://openalex.org/W603657711","https://openalex.org/W615306007","https://openalex.org/W629576055","https://openalex.org/W1486880591","https://openalex.org/W1964324196","https://openalex.org/W1968103577","https://openalex.org/W2016058531","https://openalex.org/W2022795828","https://openalex.org/W2035091205","https://openalex.org/W2046569807","https://openalex.org/W2073039945","https://openalex.org/W2091079949","https://openalex.org/W2332265223","https://openalex.org/W2495758475","https://openalex.org/W2773462233","https://openalex.org/W2913175597","https://openalex.org/W3084987570","https://openalex.org/W4231659373","https://openalex.org/W4233249038","https://openalex.org/W4234132957","https://openalex.org/W4241899069","https://openalex.org/W4256167910","https://openalex.org/W6603774455","https://openalex.org/W6608264213","https://openalex.org/W6629036384"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980963558","https://openalex.org/W1882246857","https://openalex.org/W3103304230","https://openalex.org/W2185360082","https://openalex.org/W1992365905","https://openalex.org/W4287664878","https://openalex.org/W3212023493","https://openalex.org/W1991411408","https://openalex.org/W4288278856","https://openalex.org/W2572370460"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}