{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993114966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","title":"A fast numerical algorithm for electron mean energy calculation in radiation therapy","display_name":"A fast numerical algorithm for electron mean energy calculation in radiation therapy","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993114966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","mag":"1993114966","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9437550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018120191","display_name":"Steve Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-6752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12057038","display_name":"University of Toledo Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01600wh70","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steve B. Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA","Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699-0008, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699-0008, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109921065","display_name":"Zhengming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3719-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Ming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032912945","display_name":"Todd Pawlicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-2288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Pawlicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toledo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toledo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111636367","display_name":"Komanduri M. Ayyangar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Komanduri M. Ayyangar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toledo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toledo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018120191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65681935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"487","last_page":"491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12579","display_name":"Muon and positron interactions and applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12579","display_name":"Muon and positron interactions and applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.743149995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6503423452377319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5817844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.542551577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43395429849624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3898699879646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3669895529747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3320423662662506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.33197021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32277172803878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10965889692306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09064888954162598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.743149995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6503423452377319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5817844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.542551577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43395429849624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3898699879646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3669895529747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3320423662662506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.33197021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32277172803878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10965889692306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09064888954162598}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011878","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011878","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011878","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00028-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9437550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9437550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in biology and medicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014447936","https://openalex.org/W2031160459","https://openalex.org/W2042273295","https://openalex.org/W2046094357","https://openalex.org/W2060714054","https://openalex.org/W2074442330","https://openalex.org/W2416176185","https://openalex.org/W2476384064","https://openalex.org/W6716107345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393870460","https://openalex.org/W4284894156","https://openalex.org/W2161803855","https://openalex.org/W2134539662","https://openalex.org/W3110774753","https://openalex.org/W2005266888","https://openalex.org/W3031634380","https://openalex.org/W1987029007","https://openalex.org/W2072210675","https://openalex.org/W2467420220"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}