{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991607872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","title":"Dullrazor\u00ae: A software approach to hair removal from images","display_name":"Dullrazor\u00ae: A software approach to hair removal from images","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991607872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","mag":"1991607872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9437554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109121945","display_name":"Tim Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004305684","display_name":"Vincent Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-3883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059799691","display_name":"Richard P. Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-0391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799475292","display_name":"Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05p83my93","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141074466","https://openalex.org/I2799475292"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada","Division of Dermatology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada","Division of Dermatology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Dermatology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799475292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Dermatology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040731269","display_name":"Andrew J. Coldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Coldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111368997","display_name":"David I. McLean","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799475292","display_name":"Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05p83my93","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141074466","https://openalex.org/I2799475292"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David McLean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Dermatology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada","Division of Dermatology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Dermatology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799475292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Dermatology, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109121945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":451,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66849235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"533","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7715588808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6525846123695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5820264220237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5678137540817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5457983016967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4965718388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4685465097427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3621023893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34180110692977905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7715588808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525846123695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5820264220237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5678137540817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5457983016967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4965718388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4685465097427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3621023893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34180110692977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006197","descriptor_name":"Hair","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006197","descriptor_name":"Hair","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006197","descriptor_name":"Hair","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009506","descriptor_name":"Nevus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(97)00020-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9437554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9437554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in biology and medicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564419782","https://openalex.org/W1983737886","https://openalex.org/W1984679425","https://openalex.org/W2022090944","https://openalex.org/W2027073286","https://openalex.org/W2079505651","https://openalex.org/W2123404189","https://openalex.org/W2159769465","https://openalex.org/W2461767603","https://openalex.org/W2533282780","https://openalex.org/W6678753693","https://openalex.org/W6729100760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W4324315429","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4385583601","https://openalex.org/W4366829857","https://openalex.org/W4298131179","https://openalex.org/W2113201962","https://openalex.org/W2799953226","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-11T08:15:01.531666","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}