{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990663609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","title":"Coarse-grain parallel computing for very large scale neural simulations in the NEXUS simulation environment","display_name":"Coarse-grain parallel computing for very large scale neural simulations in the NEXUS simulation environment","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990663609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","mag":"1990663609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9303264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072416916","display_name":"K\u00f4 Sakai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-1520"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ko Sakai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia 19104-6392, USA","University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","Institute for Neurological Science, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia 19104-6392, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Neurological Science, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042749874","display_name":"Paul Sajda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110652","display_name":"RIKEN","ror":"https://ror.org/01sjwvz98","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Sajda","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","Laboratory for Neural Modeling, FRP, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351, Japan","University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Neural Modeling, FRP, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040456855","display_name":"Shih\u2010Cheng Yen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-0072"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Cheng Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN5300, Princeton, NJ 08533-5300, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108474024","display_name":"Leif H. Finkel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leif H. Finkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Neurological Science, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Neurological Science, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 220S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6392, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072416916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"fwci":0.5394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65533667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"257","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8152031898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.8081322908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workstation","display_name":"Workstation","score":0.778515636920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5707804560661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nexus","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","score":0.5388879776000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5315176248550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47824469208717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4589548707008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4467938244342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.43277400732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4256889224052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1935233771800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18559780716896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1329810619354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1295507252216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08174040913581848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8152031898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.8081322908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.778515636920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5707804560661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.5388879776000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5315176248550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47824469208717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4589548707008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4467938244342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.43277400732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4256889224052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1935233771800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18559780716896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1329810619354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1295507252216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08174040913581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008122","descriptor_name":"Local Area Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008122","descriptor_name":"Local Area Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008122","descriptor_name":"Local Area Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9303264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9303264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in biology and medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.49.6639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.49.6639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.neuroengineering.upenn.edu/papers/ko/sakai_sajda_yen_finkel.cbm_1997.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.96.1580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.96.1580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.neuroengineering.upenn.edu/publications/papers/ko/sakai_sajda_yen_finkel.cbm_1997.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(96)00029-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163202150","https://openalex.org/W282596559","https://openalex.org/W391463016","https://openalex.org/W641888746","https://openalex.org/W1895077897","https://openalex.org/W1988484771","https://openalex.org/W1999546558","https://openalex.org/W2034682446","https://openalex.org/W2040200937","https://openalex.org/W2046384002","https://openalex.org/W2056929492","https://openalex.org/W2101363095","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2122758150","https://openalex.org/W2152274602","https://openalex.org/W2168740964","https://openalex.org/W3148499377","https://openalex.org/W6606676824","https://openalex.org/W6610280454","https://openalex.org/W6659040484","https://openalex.org/W6678847499","https://openalex.org/W6682580670","https://openalex.org/W7064856002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W4388155270","https://openalex.org/W1584537303","https://openalex.org/W1872724644","https://openalex.org/W2750549761","https://openalex.org/W28826848","https://openalex.org/W2122272819","https://openalex.org/W4367156293","https://openalex.org/W3126909309","https://openalex.org/W1828132036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,49],"describe":[1],"a":[2,33,51,63],"neural":[3,47],"simulator":[4],"designed":[5],"for":[6],"simulating":[7,44],"very":[8],"large":[9],"scale":[10],"models":[11],"of":[12,103],"cortical":[13,64],"architectures.":[14],"This":[15],"simulator,":[16],"NEXUS,":[17],"uses":[18],"coarse-grain":[19],"parallel":[20,38],"computing":[21,39],"by":[22],"distributing":[23],"computation":[24],"and":[25,92,106,112],"data":[26,72],"onto":[27],"multiple":[28],"conventional":[29,104],"workstations":[30,75,105],"connected":[31],"via":[32],"local":[34],"area":[35],"network.":[36],"Coarse-grain":[37,96],"offers":[40],"natural":[41],"advantages":[42],"in":[43],"functionally":[45],"segregated":[46],"processes.":[48],"partition":[50],"complete":[52],"model":[53],"into":[54],"modules":[55],"with":[56,85],"locally":[57],"dense":[58],"connections--a":[59],"module":[60],"may":[61],"represent":[62],"area,":[65],"column,":[66],"layer,":[67],"or":[68],"functional":[69],"entity.":[70],"Asynchronous":[71],"communications":[73,90],"among":[74],"are":[76],"established":[77],"through":[78],"the":[79,86,101],"Network":[80],"File":[81],"System,":[82],"which,":[83],"together":[84],"implicit":[87],"modularity,":[88],"decreases":[89],"overhead,":[91],"increases":[93],"overall":[94],"performance.":[95],"parallelism":[97],"also":[98],"benefits":[99],"from":[100],"standardization":[102],"LAN,":[107],"including":[108],"portability":[109],"between":[110],"generations":[111],"vendors.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}