{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2173945562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","title":"Average cost temporal-difference learning","display_name":"Average cost temporal-difference learning","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2173945562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","mag":"2173945562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108523422","display_name":"John N. Tsitsiklis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John N. Tsitsiklis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Room 35-209, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Room 35-209, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045543562","display_name":"Benjamin Van Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8364-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Van Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Room 35-209, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Room 35-209, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108523422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96851527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"11","first_page":"1799","last_page":"1808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12056","display_name":"Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.8277608156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7405690550804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperiodic-graph","display_name":"Aperiodic graph","score":0.6512142419815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6393027305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5674682855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.5674591660499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-order-markov-model","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","score":0.4412967562675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.4321642518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.42483022809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.42470765113830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40246182680130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.36724168062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.19088658690452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.17510390281677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1451936960220337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.8277608156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7405690550804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104247578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779368","display_name":"Aperiodic graph","level":2,"score":0.6512142419815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6393027305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5674682855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5674591660499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.4412967562675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4321642518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.42483022809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42470765113830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40246182680130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.36724168062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.19088658690452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.17510390281677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1451936960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(99)00099-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51360982","display_name":"Automatica","issn_l":"0005-1098","issn":["0005-1098","1873-2836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568229137","https://openalex.org/W1576452626","https://openalex.org/W2050882265","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2101915445","https://openalex.org/W2113772903","https://openalex.org/W2139418546","https://openalex.org/W2158091072","https://openalex.org/W2419084655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126873283","https://openalex.org/W2393621008","https://openalex.org/W2129435535","https://openalex.org/W2540690809","https://openalex.org/W4386839846","https://openalex.org/W3022014775","https://openalex.org/W2808173392","https://openalex.org/W2353273130","https://openalex.org/W2060156773","https://openalex.org/W2100055350"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}