{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993157751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","title":"Principles of human\u2014computer collaboration for knowledge discovery in science","display_name":"Principles of human\u2014computer collaboration for knowledge discovery in science","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993157751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","mag":"1993157751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109224020","display_name":"Ra\u00fal E. Vald\u00e9s\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal E. Vald\u00e9s-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109224020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92899361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"2","first_page":"335","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-discovery","display_name":"Scientific discovery","score":0.8116849660873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6541712284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.6348719000816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6313275098800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6276184916496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.4861873984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3403935432434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3282909393310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.23474517464637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12525197863578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11942386627197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08607146143913269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984917352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819","display_name":"Scientific discovery","level":2,"score":0.8116849660873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6541712284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.6348719000816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6313275098800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6276184916496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4861873984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3403935432434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3282909393310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.23474517464637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12525197863578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11942386627197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08607146143913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00116-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.26.7453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.7453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sci-disc/Postscript/aij99.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62371467","https://openalex.org/W99558184","https://openalex.org/W110022787","https://openalex.org/W121256808","https://openalex.org/W374738634","https://openalex.org/W1517772841","https://openalex.org/W1524326598","https://openalex.org/W1569279788","https://openalex.org/W1599972278","https://openalex.org/W1601529450","https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1769913201","https://openalex.org/W1770101570","https://openalex.org/W1895671933","https://openalex.org/W1964252079","https://openalex.org/W1973006911","https://openalex.org/W1977391923","https://openalex.org/W1977424337","https://openalex.org/W1979473069","https://openalex.org/W1980447709","https://openalex.org/W2000372739","https://openalex.org/W2010292075","https://openalex.org/W2012792908","https://openalex.org/W2019162036","https://openalex.org/W2024030746","https://openalex.org/W2026404110","https://openalex.org/W2029588727","https://openalex.org/W2029679281","https://openalex.org/W2032870665","https://openalex.org/W2033626294","https://openalex.org/W2045786312","https://openalex.org/W2067096102","https://openalex.org/W2075684995","https://openalex.org/W2078022909","https://openalex.org/W2085867639","https://openalex.org/W2089188009","https://openalex.org/W2103323125","https://openalex.org/W2109530438","https://openalex.org/W2110134832","https://openalex.org/W2120248646","https://openalex.org/W2123010993","https://openalex.org/W2136663836","https://openalex.org/W2155086308","https://openalex.org/W2156112534","https://openalex.org/W2156769044","https://openalex.org/W2159873563","https://openalex.org/W2160411185","https://openalex.org/W2205725784","https://openalex.org/W2263530181","https://openalex.org/W2323746689","https://openalex.org/W2468419134","https://openalex.org/W2913008767","https://openalex.org/W2913461794","https://openalex.org/W2998778915","https://openalex.org/W3165003809","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602565446","https://openalex.org/W6604487380","https://openalex.org/W6604877871","https://openalex.org/W6638118174","https://openalex.org/W6670232495","https://openalex.org/W6675462168","https://openalex.org/W6688047961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544742702","https://openalex.org/W387662165","https://openalex.org/W1557986679","https://openalex.org/W64841805","https://openalex.org/W1581639302","https://openalex.org/W30560511","https://openalex.org/W1481711077","https://openalex.org/W2349571323","https://openalex.org/W2035272429","https://openalex.org/W2367958593"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
