{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995375207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","title":"The value of the four values","display_name":"The value of the four values","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995375207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","mag":"1995375207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370298000320/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370298000320/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028643056","display_name":"Ofer Arieli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-886X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ofer Arieli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel","Tel-Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel-Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071426595","display_name":"Arnon Avron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-3343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnon Avron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel","Tel-Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel-Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028643056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":236,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96776512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"1","first_page":"97","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6183342337608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5577206015586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.536873996257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.505061686038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4813133478164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.47851312160491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-norm-fuzzy-logics","display_name":"T-norm fuzzy logics","score":0.45210713148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4360896050930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-value","display_name":"Truth value","score":0.4321214258670807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-algebra","display_name":"Boolean algebra","score":0.42325058579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42183905839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3888240158557892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2981001138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.23571500182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.20703542232513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07398968935012817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6183342337608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5577206015586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.536873996257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.505061686038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4813133478164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.47851312160491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86602344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667918","display_name":"T-norm fuzzy logics","level":5,"score":0.45210713148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4360896050930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46274116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185521","display_name":"Truth value","level":2,"score":0.4321214258670807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39685927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173183","display_name":"Boolean algebra","level":2,"score":0.42325058579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42183905839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3888240158557892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2981001138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.23571500182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20703542232513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07398968935012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370298000320/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.23.6515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.23.6515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://antares.math.tau.ac.il/~aa/articles/four_value.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.4467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.4467","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.tau.ac.il/~ofera/jai98.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.638.9057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.638.9057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~aa/articles/four_value.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00032-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370298000320/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322248","display_name":"Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities","ror":"https://ror.org/03c6c9520"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995375207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995375207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84327095","https://openalex.org/W93792258","https://openalex.org/W98418125","https://openalex.org/W136232721","https://openalex.org/W138946700","https://openalex.org/W207571663","https://openalex.org/W1481955269","https://openalex.org/W1486938123","https://openalex.org/W1487409515","https://openalex.org/W1494102861","https://openalex.org/W1512750313","https://openalex.org/W1514150835","https://openalex.org/W1606448752","https://openalex.org/W1635116973","https://openalex.org/W1672891595","https://openalex.org/W1786928897","https://openalex.org/W1968322566","https://openalex.org/W1979129485","https://openalex.org/W2000398632","https://openalex.org/W2001805670","https://openalex.org/W2003017965","https://openalex.org/W2022427243","https://openalex.org/W2027379370","https://openalex.org/W2040326164","https://openalex.org/W2055800745","https://openalex.org/W2056475477","https://openalex.org/W2068899234","https://openalex.org/W2080142817","https://openalex.org/W2084592088","https://openalex.org/W2085956853","https://openalex.org/W2087490886","https://openalex.org/W2093713825","https://openalex.org/W2102048877","https://openalex.org/W2104730696","https://openalex.org/W2119148319","https://openalex.org/W2122339611","https://openalex.org/W2126583599","https://openalex.org/W2142616542","https://openalex.org/W2150191218","https://openalex.org/W2167907160","https://openalex.org/W2327189044","https://openalex.org/W2912650964","https://openalex.org/W2914024181","https://openalex.org/W2914787615","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W3015761148","https://openalex.org/W3149254954","https://openalex.org/W4238085975","https://openalex.org/W6603417329","https://openalex.org/W6605648827","https://openalex.org/W6608427660","https://openalex.org/W6628816561","https://openalex.org/W6629149434","https://openalex.org/W6629457135","https://openalex.org/W6630774868","https://openalex.org/W6634493012","https://openalex.org/W6636457899","https://openalex.org/W6637298476","https://openalex.org/W6677963714","https://openalex.org/W6678252505","https://openalex.org/W6759064694","https://openalex.org/W6772427866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205850079","https://openalex.org/W78106456","https://openalex.org/W1529326889","https://openalex.org/W2040645465","https://openalex.org/W2124620155","https://openalex.org/W2165516275","https://openalex.org/W2065260235","https://openalex.org/W2543773717","https://openalex.org/W1975241902","https://openalex.org/W348455157"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}