{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040884411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","title":"Selection of relevant features and examples in machine learning","display_name":"Selection of relevant features and examples in machine learning","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040884411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","mag":"2040884411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024803432","display_name":"Avrim Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avrim L. Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081275482","display_name":"Pat Langley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143426","display_name":"Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise","ror":"https://ror.org/036zxgb71","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156906","display_name":"Daimler (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05angxc35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156906","https://openalex.org/I891521709"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Langley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise, 2164 Staunton Court, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA","Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Daimler-Benz Research and Technology Center, 1510 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise, 2164 Staunton Court, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Daimler-Benz Research and Technology Center, 1510 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024803432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.0381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3293,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99759754,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"1-2","first_page":"245","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7549054622650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7131494283676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6578872799873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.634908139705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5695482492446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5579869151115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4569436013698578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.44536250829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4093114137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10245382785797119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7549054622650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7131494283676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6578872799873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.634908139705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5695482492446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5579869151115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4569436013698578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44536250829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4093114137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10245382785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00063-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.111.7659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.111.7659","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://yaroslavvb.com/papers/blum-selection.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.35.4823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.4823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isle.org/~langley/papers/relevance.aij.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.36.3009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.3009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/avrim/Papers/relevance.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.99.40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.40","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.tu.ac.th/classes/461/undergradcs202-/public/research/journal_version.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":175,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W4876512","https://openalex.org/W14420165","https://openalex.org/W21067618","https://openalex.org/W23418094","https://openalex.org/W31970964","https://openalex.org/W40914139","https://openalex.org/W87848775","https://openalex.org/W87957625","https://openalex.org/W117742025","https://openalex.org/W124232507","https://openalex.org/W178169250","https://openalex.org/W193228784","https://openalex.org/W1488252886","https://openalex.org/W1491572923","https://openalex.org/W1494780677","https://openalex.org/W1514477737","https://openalex.org/W1520252399","https://openalex.org/W1525972165","https://openalex.org/W1533544838","https://openalex.org/W1534541522","https://openalex.org/W1535810436","https://openalex.org/W1539524531","https://openalex.org/W1553244859","https://openalex.org/W1557564713","https://openalex.org/W1559923427","https://openalex.org/W1561645246","https://openalex.org/W1562286606","https://openalex.org/W1571061365","https://openalex.org/W1583506646","https://openalex.org/W1583700199","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1587362683","https://openalex.org/W1594962278","https://openalex.org/W1596324102","https://openalex.org/W1597020313","https://openalex.org/W1598435584","https://openalex.org/W1599577651","https://openalex.org/W1600788154","https://openalex.org/W1603305011","https://openalex.org/W1619226191","https://openalex.org/W1630964756","https://openalex.org/W1808644423","https://openalex.org/W1849729440","https://openalex.org/W1906182963","https://openalex.org/W1938180907","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1975515425","https://openalex.org/W1978304080","https://openalex.org/W1989445634","https://openalex.org/W2004846931","https://openalex.org/W2009207944","https://openalex.org/W2010176538","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2011395874","https://openalex.org/W2013531076","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2040924621","https://openalex.org/W2043772506","https://openalex.org/W2050660892","https://openalex.org/W2059602918","https://openalex.org/W2060370563","https://openalex.org/W2063342497","https://openalex.org/W2064680241","https://openalex.org/W2067642555","https://openalex.org/W2070902649","https://openalex.org/W2071210909","https://openalex.org/W2072211488","https://openalex.org/W2074416206","https://openalex.org/W2079473728","https://openalex.org/W2080021732","https://openalex.org/W2084310470","https://openalex.org/W2086789740","https://openalex.org/W2087614174","https://openalex.org/W2089967664","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2093825590","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2106435708","https://openalex.org/W2109970935","https://openalex.org/W2111008177","https://openalex.org/W2113633207","https://openalex.org/W2119113516","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2129113961","https://openalex.org/W2132166479","https://openalex.org/W2136000097","https://openalex.org/W2140606869","https://openalex.org/W2141559645","https://openalex.org/W2142471335","https://openalex.org/W2148694408","https://openalex.org/W2148949939","https://openalex.org/W2150871663","https://openalex.org/W2154952480","https://openalex.org/W2159047538","https://openalex.org/W2160163251","https://openalex.org/W2162953025","https://openalex.org/W2165208720","https://openalex.org/W2165634733","https://openalex.org/W2335322260","https://openalex.org/W2570764145","https://openalex.org/W2595959570","https://openalex.org/W2610496362","https://openalex.org/W2611627047","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2911640577","https://openalex.org/W2913976233","https://openalex.org/W2914453346","https://openalex.org/W2949071206","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4234760406","https://openalex.org/W4245266864","https://openalex.org/W4246994868","https://openalex.org/W4247635303","https://openalex.org/W4247930488","https://openalex.org/W4253110186","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600559417","https://openalex.org/W6600841123","https://openalex.org/W6600961049","https://openalex.org/W6601712661","https://openalex.org/W6603522700","https://openalex.org/W6603598925","https://openalex.org/W6604723595","https://openalex.org/W6607917175","https://openalex.org/W6629366053","https://openalex.org/W6629403180","https://openalex.org/W6629510823","https://openalex.org/W6631572817","https://openalex.org/W6631879500","https://openalex.org/W6632223199","https://openalex.org/W6632262033","https://openalex.org/W6632984636","https://openalex.org/W6633458828","https://openalex.org/W6633488972","https://openalex.org/W6633702045","https://openalex.org/W6634279592","https://openalex.org/W6634692335","https://openalex.org/W6634779410","https://openalex.org/W6635818799","https://openalex.org/W6635823705","https://openalex.org/W6635876374","https://openalex.org/W6635929577","https://openalex.org/W6636241634","https://openalex.org/W6636614058","https://openalex.org/W6636628491","https://openalex.org/W6638249342","https://openalex.org/W6638875480","https://openalex.org/W6639818597","https://openalex.org/W6640460650","https://openalex.org/W6645014807","https://openalex.org/W6653205361","https://openalex.org/W6653485338","https://openalex.org/W6661428214","https://openalex.org/W6665191260","https://openalex.org/W6666767114","https://openalex.org/W6668150228","https://openalex.org/W6670662067","https://openalex.org/W6671631246","https://openalex.org/W6672122428","https://openalex.org/W6673644832","https://openalex.org/W6676522246","https://openalex.org/W6677494230","https://openalex.org/W6682097246","https://openalex.org/W6682610290","https://openalex.org/W6683229354","https://openalex.org/W6683243365","https://openalex.org/W6683755568","https://openalex.org/W6684118801","https://openalex.org/W6684555807","https://openalex.org/W6737193459","https://openalex.org/W6737347378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2810752900","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W3186538219","https://openalex.org/W2365677836"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":183},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":164},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":198},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":209},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":137},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":140},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":149}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}