{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026531504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","title":"Qualitative representation of positional information","display_name":"Qualitative representation of positional information","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026531504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","mag":"2026531504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022629456","display_name":"Eliseo Clementini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-7105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eliseo Clementini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. di Ing. Elettrica, Universit\u00e1 di L'Aquila, 67040 Poggio di Roio, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Ing. Elettrica, Universit\u00e1 di L'Aquila, 67040 Poggio di Roio, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061569658","display_name":"Paolino Di Felice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-0199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolino Di Felice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. di Ing. Elettrica, Universit\u00e1 di L'Aquila, 67040 Poggio di Roio, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Ing. Elettrica, Universit\u00e1 di L'Aquila, 67040 Poggio di Roio, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065651136","display_name":"Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-2253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Informatik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80290 Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Informatik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80290 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022629456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.7095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":304,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9889344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"2","first_page":"317","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7141705751419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.595306932926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.5928233861923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5872093439102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5721055865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5631191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-reasoning","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","score":0.5607377886772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5595452785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frame","display_name":"Reference frame","score":0.5265103578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5166592597961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.4900747537612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-of-reference","display_name":"Frame of reference","score":0.4851404130458832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4796719551086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.4247701168060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4113267660140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34120339155197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1514807641506195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7141705751419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.595306932926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5928233861923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5872093439102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5721055865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5631191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5607377886772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5595452785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.5265103578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5166592597961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4900747537612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74992021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184876","display_name":"Frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.4851404130458832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4796719551086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4247701168060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4113267660140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34120339155197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1514807641506195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00046-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.34.2579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.2579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://flop.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/pub/fki/fki-208-95.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700242526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ ITN9102B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323015","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung und Technologie"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G905744331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"95.00460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322651","funder_display_name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322651","display_name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323015","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung und Technologie","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852874","https://openalex.org/W25243919","https://openalex.org/W33255570","https://openalex.org/W37091209","https://openalex.org/W80609641","https://openalex.org/W80914931","https://openalex.org/W119675614","https://openalex.org/W192667191","https://openalex.org/W433844282","https://openalex.org/W1489919901","https://openalex.org/W1492581928","https://openalex.org/W1493960433","https://openalex.org/W1509722527","https://openalex.org/W1529253181","https://openalex.org/W1555992608","https://openalex.org/W1560726479","https://openalex.org/W1589670278","https://openalex.org/W1593007803","https://openalex.org/W1593539964","https://openalex.org/W1763523588","https://openalex.org/W1784944639","https://openalex.org/W1801951652","https://openalex.org/W1848332172","https://openalex.org/W1871510485","https://openalex.org/W1918758839","https://openalex.org/W1963920034","https://openalex.org/W1983565847","https://openalex.org/W1984067106","https://openalex.org/W1985205643","https://openalex.org/W1985397417","https://openalex.org/W1989436473","https://openalex.org/W1997821887","https://openalex.org/W2005037359","https://openalex.org/W2005314985","https://openalex.org/W2016125828","https://openalex.org/W2018756677","https://openalex.org/W2029415078","https://openalex.org/W2042139292","https://openalex.org/W2049294681","https://openalex.org/W2049712317","https://openalex.org/W2051257170","https://openalex.org/W2064406997","https://openalex.org/W2073529986","https://openalex.org/W2078019102","https://openalex.org/W2095210161","https://openalex.org/W2096768134","https://openalex.org/W2103765644","https://openalex.org/W2113566248","https://openalex.org/W2115121549","https://openalex.org/W2116871363","https://openalex.org/W2119208663","https://openalex.org/W2122136744","https://openalex.org/W2135432705","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2157145031","https://openalex.org/W2169254376","https://openalex.org/W2271010733","https://openalex.org/W2472466330","https://openalex.org/W2496352033","https://openalex.org/W2598771954","https://openalex.org/W2740373864","https://openalex.org/W3022710057","https://openalex.org/W3026957529","https://openalex.org/W3041834803","https://openalex.org/W4231338377","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289255536","https://openalex.org/W4298351849","https://openalex.org/W4400564143","https://openalex.org/W6600033781","https://openalex.org/W6601347522","https://openalex.org/W6601524698","https://openalex.org/W6603264952","https://openalex.org/W6603328849","https://openalex.org/W6604899818","https://openalex.org/W6605183944","https://openalex.org/W6629413039","https://openalex.org/W6633388597","https://openalex.org/W6635581659","https://openalex.org/W6637948687","https://openalex.org/W6638431496","https://openalex.org/W6639072392","https://openalex.org/W6675702613","https://openalex.org/W6677075104","https://openalex.org/W6720818432","https://openalex.org/W6744615257","https://openalex.org/W6767008496","https://openalex.org/W6775456121","https://openalex.org/W6836208113","https://openalex.org/W6836461034","https://openalex.org/W6869890019","https://openalex.org/W7006930914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043560067","https://openalex.org/W4283777777","https://openalex.org/W1593007803","https://openalex.org/W2153102768","https://openalex.org/W2159837405","https://openalex.org/W2079675399","https://openalex.org/W1829547529","https://openalex.org/W1871668702","https://openalex.org/W1995862836","https://openalex.org/W2124759987"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}